Application method containing nitrogen fertilizer
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The main role of chlorine in crop nutrient balance is to participate in photosynthesis, regulate plant cell osmotic pressure, and affect crops' absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and silicon, enhance crop resistance to pests and diseases, and regulate stomatal movement. Chlorine promotes the metabolism of carbohydrates and accelerates the development of stem and leaf tissue. Chloride has an inhibitory effect on soil nitrifying bacteria, which can delay the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and maintain a large amount of ammonium ions adsorbed on the soil colloid, so that ammonium ions can be stored in the soil without loss. Conducive to the preservation of nitrogen.
The conversion of chloride ions in soil mainly includes: in acidic soil, chloride ions combine with hydrogen ions to form hydrochloric acid, which can enhance the acidity of soil. In neutral and calcareous soil, residual chloride ions combine with calcium ions to form solubility. Large calcium chloride. Therefore, long-term application of physiologically acidic fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride can cause soil acidification and affect the beneficial microbial activities of the soil. On the other hand, the secondary components of the fertilizer can combine with soil calcium to form chlorination. calcium. Calcium chloride has a high solubility and can be lost with water. Calcium is an indispensable element in the formation of soil structure. Excessive loss of calcium salt can damage the soil structure and cause compaction.
1 Crop application of chlorinated fertilizers According to the national standard for the tolerance of chlorine to major crops, comprehensive yield and product quality factors, the degree of chlorine tolerance of crops is divided into three categories: strong chlorine-tolerant crops, medium-to-chlorine crops and weakly chlorine-tolerant crops.
(1) The soil oxygen concentration of strong chlorine-tolerant crops reaches 600-800mg/kg, which is equivalent to the amount of 1350-1800kg per hectare per season. The crops that do not affect the yield and quality include rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, Kiwi, banana, peach, etc. in cotton, kenaf, radish, tomatoes, beets, eggplant and fruit trees.
(2) The chlorine concentration of medium chlorine-tolerant crops is 300-600mg/kg, which is equivalent to the amount of chlorine applied per season per hectare of 675-1350kg. The crops that do not affect the yield and quality are flax, soybean, cauliflower, spinach, broad bean, pea, Strawberries, peanuts, apples, hawthorn, sugar cane, etc.
(3) The chlorine concentration in the soil of weak chlorine-tolerant crops is <300mg/kg, which is equivalent to 675kg of chlorine per season per hectare. The crops that do not affect the yield and quality include pepper, Chinese cabbage, potato, lettuce, rapeseed, tobacco, sweet potato. Wait.
The application of chlorinated fertilizers in strong chlorine-tolerant crops does not affect the yield and quality of crops. According to the quality test results, the protein and starch content of chlorine in rice, wheat, corn and other crops, the crude protein and fat content of rapeseed and soybean, on sugar cane There is no adverse effect on the sugar content of sugar beet and the content of vitamin C and sugar in vegetables. At the same time, the application of chlorinated fertilizer in vegetables can also reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen in vegetables.
2 Due to the application of chlorinated fertilizers containing chlorinated fertilizers in areas, it should be mainly used in areas or seasons with heavy rainfall and irrigation conditions. In rainy areas or seasons, chloride ions can be leached with water after application of chlorinated fertilizer, so chloride ions brought into the soil with fertilizer will not cause "chlorine damage" due to accumulation. In salinized soils, chlorinated fertilizers should be used less or not because of higher chloride ion content.
3 Chloride-containing fertilizer should be applied early and deep application of chloride ions can inhibit seed germination and reduce germination rate and emergence rate. Therefore, the application of chlorinated fertilizer should be applied early and deep, so that the soil can be adsorbed, chloride ions are leached, and the root layer of the crop is reduced by chlorine. Most of the roots of crops are concentrated in the soil layer of 10-25cm. Therefore, the application of chlorinated fertilizer as base fertilizer layer, strip application and hole application should be below 8-12cm.
4 The compound fertilizer containing chlorinated fertilizer is used to process compound fertilizer with chlorinated fertilizer and urea, ammonium phosphate, heavy calcium or superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, which can not only reduce chloride ion. The harm, and the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, can play a mutually beneficial effect.
The accumulation of chloride ions is closely related to annual rainfall, soil texture and planting system. Chloride-containing fertilizer is applied in arid and drier areas, and chloride ions accumulate in the soil, and the residual amount is as high as 30%-80%. In the rainy areas of the south, each The amount of chlorine applied per hectare is 300-1450kg, and there is no significant increase in chloride ion in the soil during the five years. According to the study, under the condition of rainfall of 1500mm, sugar cane, sweet potato and potato, which are considered as “chlorine-free cropsâ€, have a chlorine content of 332-135kg per hectare, which has no adverse effect on yield and quality.