Controlling the mixing between the receptor layer and the donor layer or between the solar cell domains in a polymer solar cell can improve cell efficiency. This result was discovered by a team of physicists from North Carolina State University. Their findings illuminate the inner workings of these solar cells and can lead to future improvements in efficiency.

Polymer solar cells include two layers, commonly referred to as the acceptor layer and the donor layer. The energy particles generated by solar cells, excitons, must be able to move quickly to the interface between the receptor and the donor domain in order to be used as an energy source. Researchers believe that maintaining the purity of the donor and acceptor layers as much as possible is the best way to ensure that excitons can move unimpeded, so that solar cells can capture the maximum amount of energy.

Harvard Ade, a physicist at North Carolina State University, and his team have teamed up with UK, Australian, and Chinese research teams to examine the physical structure and improve the production of polymer solar cells. Published in two separate papers from Advanced Energy Materials and Advanced Materials, researchers show that a certain mix of two domains may not be a bad thing. In fact, if the morphology or structure of this hybrid domain is small, solar cells are still quite efficient.

Ade said, "We have previously discovered that the domains in these solar cells are not pure. So we have to observe how additives affect the production of these cells. When you produce batteries, the relative evaporation rates of solvents and additives determine The formation of the active layer, as well as the mixing of the donor layer and the acceptor layer, Ideally, you want the solvent to evaporate slowly enough so that the material has time to separate - otherwise the layers get messy and the cell efficiency is reduced. We use an additive that slows down evaporation. This controls the domain size of the mixing and active layers, and the mixing part is small."

"The efficiency of those mixed layers is excellent, which also allows us to speculate that as long as the domain is small, a certain mix of donor and acceptor is not a problem."

"We are looking for the best mixing point, according to the solvents and additives we use to produce polymer solar cells, according to the domain of physical mixing, and how can affect efficiency." Ade added.

The research project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Ade is the author of a paper published on Advanced Energy Materials. Other authors include postdoctoral Brian Collins, John Tumbleston, and graduate student Eliot Gann. Dr. Li Zhe from Cambridge University and Christopher McNeill from Monash University in Australia also made contributions. Ade is also the author of the paper published on Advanced Materials. Other coauthors include Ade's postdoctoral Ma Wei (transliteration) and Beijing's Chinese Academy of Sciences Professor Hou Jianhui. (Compilation: Liu Lu)

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