How to use pesticides to produce green fruits
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The use of pesticides in the production of green fruits must comply with the provisions of the Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides for the Production of Green Foods. It is completely forbidden to use highly toxic, highly toxic, high-residue or carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic pesticides; it is forbidden to use pesticides that are prohibited by the state from being produced, sold and used; restrictions on the use of all-killing and high-resistance of pests Pesticides; strict control of the use of various genetically engineered microbial preparations and hormonal agents.
Prohibited pesticides
1. Illegal pesticides without pesticide registration certificate and production permit
The National Pesticide Management Regulations (promulgated on May 8, 1997) stipulates: “No unit or individual may produce pesticides that have not obtained pesticide production licenses or pesticide production approval documents. No unit or individual may produce, operate, import or use. Pesticides that have not obtained a pesticide registration certificate or a temporary pesticide registration certificate."
2. Chemical pesticides prohibited by the state
The Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides for the Production of Green Foods stipulates that pesticides prohibited for use on fruit trees include calcium arsenate, lead arsenate, zinc methyl arsenate, ammonium methyl arsenate (Tian An), thiram, and fumei. Triphenyltin acetate (tuber tin), diphenyltin chloride, toxic tin, chlorinated ethylmercury (Xilisheng), phenylmercuric acetate (Sai ​​Li San), calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, Sodium fluoroacetate, fluoroacetamide, sodium fluoroaluminate, sodium fluorosilicate, DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, dicofol, dibromoethane, dibromochloropropane, phorate, Ethylene phosphide, monocrotophos, parathion, methyl parathion, methamidophos, strontium phosphate, methyl isophosphorus, omethoate, phosphonium, rice glutinous rice, different rice glutinous rice, kebai Wei, aldicarb, methomyl, insecticidal, pentachloronitrobenzene, rice sterol, herbicidal ether, oxalic acid ether and organic synthetic plant growth regulators.
3. The country no longer approves registered pesticides
In addition to the banned pesticides listed above, in 1997 China imposed restrictions on the production and use of some pesticides. The pesticides that are no longer subject to the approval registration procedures include organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate, trichlorfon, phoxim, bromopropylphosphonium, malathion, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, etc. Killing chlorpyrifos and other pyrethroid pesticides; fungicides such as mancozeb, thiram, fumei, anthrax, ethylphosphorus, etc.; herbicides such as sodium chlorate, glyphosate, butachlor, Metformin, quinclorac, etc.; fumigant has aluminum phosphide, chloropicrin, o-methane, etc.; hormone drugs help melanin, ethephon, gibberellin, paclobutrazol and so on.
Pesticides advocated
1. Mineral source pesticides
The advantage of mineral-derived pesticides is that the efficacy period is long, the crops and humans, animals, birds and bees are safe, no obvious pollution to the fruits, convenient to use, and economical and efficient. Stone sulphur and Bordeaux mixture are the most used and most effective in fruit tree production.
2. Plant-derived pesticides
There are many kinds of plant-derived pesticides, such as pyrethrin, rotenone, artemisinin, nicotine, allicin, bitterin, glycosides, sesamin, rot, and natural plant protection agents (chili, star anise, etc.). Such as fennel, such agents are characterized by stable and long-lasting sterilization and insecticidal effects, do not pollute the environment and crops, are safe for humans, animals, birds and bees, and are not resistant to pests and pathogens.
3. Biological pesticides
In recent years, biological pesticides have been widely used in fruit tree production. The commonly used biological fungicides are polymycin, veramycin, jinggangmycin, agricultural anti-120, huaguangmycin, liuyangmycin, and bactericidal acid; Commonly used biological killings, acaricides such as wind thunder, Qiqisu, Abadin, Aifuding, Aweibo clear milk, etc.; commonly used biological insecticides are artemisinin, Bacillus subtilis (bt) , insect bacillus, nuclear multi-virus, etc.
4, insect growth regulator
The most representative, most widely used, and most effective insect growth regulator, the chlorpyrifos pesticide. These pesticides have long potency, do not harm natural enemies, do not pollute the environment, and are safe for humans, animals, birds and bees. They are the best choice for green food production and are known as the world's fourth-generation pollution-free pesticides.
5. High-efficiency and low-residue selective pesticides
Due to the long-term and extensive use of highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides and whole-killing pyrethroid pesticides, small insects such as cockroaches, creeps, cockroaches, silkworms and thrips have high resistance and are more and more difficult to control. In the case that the above-mentioned pollution-free chemicals are difficult to be fully applied in a short period of time, it is necessary to select some high-efficiency and low-residue special-killing pesticides instead of traditional medicines. For example, the use of acetonide (imidacloprid) instead of dimethoate and omethoate is effective in controlling most of the resistant aphids, locusts, hibiscus, silkworms, thrips, and moths. .