Integrated control of pests and diseases in green fruit production
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1. Agricultural control method to cultivate and plant varieties with strong pest resistance and virus-free seedlings, strengthen the cultivation management measures, enhance the tree potential, and improve the ability of trees to resist pests and diseases. Pay attention to the wintering places of pests and diseases, clean up the dead branches, fallen leaves, pests and diseases, rotten fruit, scrape the old and rough skin, concentrate on destruction and whitening the trunk, and eliminate the source of pests and diseases. At the end of autumn and winter, the ploughing and turning of the tree trays will eliminate the wintering pests in the soil and reduce the density of the insects. In the production season, the mulch is covered with mulch and the fruit is bagged to prevent the larvae from being excavated and the fruit is damaged.
2. Production control method (1) Use pest days. The first is to protect natural enemies, reduce the amount of broad-spectrum insecticidal fungicides, or use drugs in the period of non-active natural enemies (such as egg stage, sputum period); followed by artificial breeding to release natural enemies, such as Trichogramma, Coccinellidae, etc.; Then the orchard grows green manure and attracts natural enemies such as grasshoppers, ladybugs, small flowers, and dragonflies.
(2) Application of insect pheromones. In the orchard hanging sexual attractants, such as peach small heartworm, apple leaf roller moth, pear small heartworm and other sexual attractants, trap a large number of adults, reduce the mating of male and female insects or interfere with the probability of mating, so that the number of pests reduced, to achieve prevention and control purposes.
(3) Make full use of modern physics and high technology. If you use modern technology such as black light, insecticidal lamp, trap light, pest light, etc., you can get twice the result with half the effort.
3. Critical period medication (1) symptomatic medication, scientific medication. Reform the traditional drug use system without using high residual pesticides.
(2) Minimize the use of organic chemical pesticides and vigorously promote pollution-free pesticides. For example, Schnauzer replaces arsenic arsenic; copper rosinate (green copper, Boldo emulsifiable concentrate, chloramine copper), Bordeaux mixture, long-term efficacy, good effect; biological source pesticides such as agricultural anti-120, polyoxin, Polymycin, Dasheng m-45, Xinling, bacteriostatic, fungus, substituted carbendazim series; avermectin, Beauveria bassiana, bt emulsifiable concentrate, imidacloprid, etc., can control a variety of pests, mites Pests, coleoptera (spotted worms), diptera (Pear sylvestris) and lepidoptera (moths), aphids and other pests, good insecticidal effect, but also protect natural enemies.
(3) Plant-derived pesticides such as artemisinin, green Baowei, green tree medicine 9281, pyrethrum, rosin mixture, nicotine, etc., can play a role in repelling pests, inhibiting egg hatching, preventing air pollution, and preventing small pests.
(4) The use of insect production regulators such as diflubenzuron, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, rice sulphate, chlorpyrifos and other agents can regulate the metamorphosis of insects, inhibit or accelerate the larvae peeling, and achieve the purpose of controlling pests.
(5) Mineral-derived pesticides such as sulphur sulphur, Solibal and other insecticidal double-effect functions; diesel emulsion has special effects on scale insects; Bordeaux liquid is the main agent of my disease, avoiding the sensitive period of young fruit It is a good protective fungicide to reduce fruit damage and pollution.
4. Pay attention to the scientific use of drugs in the production of green fruits. Follow the accurate measurement and report of pesticides, choose symptomatic pesticides, mix rationally, use them alternately, and protect the basic principles of natural enemies. Select high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, no-three (ie, teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic). For the chemical pesticides that are allowed to be used, the minimum effective concentration should be adopted. The dose and the number of prevention and treatment should not be blindly increased. It is necessary to rotate the medicine reasonably. Take each pesticide type once a year and strictly control the safety interval.
5. Pay attention to the use of synergists and improve the use of drugs such as killing, pesticide spreading agents, and equalizing synergists. It has the functions of emulsification, diffusion, adhesion and anti-raining, and can reduce the use of pesticides and improve the use of pesticides. It has the effect of reducing the residue, killing insects quickly, reducing costs, avoiding drug resistance and prolonging the efficacy period. At the same time, according to the biological characteristics of pests, the variable spray is underground application, trunk coating ring, smoke, etc., all of which can reduce pollution and achieve the purpose of controlling pests and diseases.
6. Pay attention to fruit bagging fruit bagging to reduce pesticide residues, avoid direct contact between chemical pesticides and fruit surface, and improve the appearance quality of fruit. It is the key technology for producing high-quality green fruits, which should be widely promoted and applied.