The use of inexpensive and abundant non-precious metals to replace rare precious metals as catalysts to achieve efficient conversion of important energy and chemical processes is a hot topic in catalytic science and chemical engineering research.

Recently, Deng Dehui, Associate Researcher of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the research team led by Bao Xinhe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have long explored the catalysis of nano-carbon materials and innovated two-dimensional nano-carbon materials (graphene-like). The preparation strategy and the synthesis method of the material) successfully realize the uniform ultra-thin graphene shell (generally 1-3 carbon layers) to encapsulate and encapsulate the 3d transition metal nanoparticles.

Theoretical simulations and experimental studies have shown that during the catalytic reaction, the encapsulation of the active metal nanoparticle catalyst in the nanocarbon cavity blocks its direct contact with harsh reaction environments (such as acidic, basic and strong oxidative, etc.). The deactivation of the catalyst is effectively retarded and prevented, and at the same time, the active valence electrons of the encapsulated nano metal “penetrate” to the outer surface through the interaction with the graphene-like carbon layer to achieve a highly efficient catalytic reaction.

Based on this principle, a graphene-carbon-encapsulated nano-cobalt-nickel catalyst prepared by electrolysis of water under strong acidic conditions (HER) was shown to exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability at a current density of 10 mA/liter. Under the condition of cm2, the cathode of the electrolyzed water has an overpotential of only 142mV, and the performance is close to the commonly used 40% Pt/C catalyst. The relevant results were recently applied in German Applied Chemistry (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, DOI. : 10.1002/anie.201409524) was published online and was selected as "Hot Paper" by the journal.

The concept of graphene-like carbon layers for protecting reactive metal nanoparticles and "penetrating" electron catalysis was first proposed by the research team when studying carbon nano-tube encapsulated nano-iron instead of traditional precious metal platinum as a fuel cell catalyst (Angew. Chem. Int) Ed. 2013, 52, 371), the relevant principles have been recognized by international counterparts and are vividly described as catalysts for chainmail for catalyst.

In recent years, the concept of "shell armour" catalysis has been rapidly applied and expanded. Around this concept, numerous research groups at home and abroad have successively conducted researches on electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and traditional heterogeneous catalysis. As the first team of this concept, Baoxin and the research team conducted systematic and in-depth research, and related research has always been at a leading position.

The electronic “penetration” capability of non-precious metals and the effect on the oxygen reduction activity of graphene “shell armor” thickness have been discovered and verified experimentally and theoretically (J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 14868); This type of catalyst catalyzes the mechanism of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water under acidic conditions (Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1919); in collaboration with others, it has been found that this type of catalyst is used as a counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells, exhibiting More excellent I3-reducing activity than noble metal Pt (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 7023).

The above research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Nano Pilot of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Materials Chemistry (2011·iChEM) of the Ministry of Education.

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