Fire extinguisher classification and usage precautions
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There are many kinds of fire extinguishers, which can be divided into portable type and cart type according to their moving modes. According to the driving source of fire extinguishing agent, they can be divided into: gas cylinder type, pressure storage type, chemical reaction type, according to the filled fire. Agents can be divided into: foam, dry powder, haloalkane, carbon dioxide, acid and alkali, clear water and so on.
Fire extinguisher adapts to fire and use method (hand-held)
1. Foam fire extinguishers adapt to fire and use methods
The scope of application is applicable to fighting general Class B fires, such as oil products, greases and other fires. It can also be applied to Class A fires, but it cannot prevent the fire of water-soluble flammable and flammable liquids in Class B fires, such as alcohols, esters and ethers. , ketones and other substances fire; also can not save live equipment and Class C and D fires.
How to use: Put the ring on the top of the cylinder and go to the fire quickly. At this time, care should be taken not to tilt the fire extinguisher excessively, and it is even better not to take it horizontally or upside down, so that the two agents cannot be mixed and ejected in advance. When it is about 10 meters from the ignition point, the cylinder can be turned upside down. Hold the ring with one hand, and hold the bottom of the cylinder with the other hand, aiming the jet at the burning material. In the case of fighting a flammable liquid fire, if it has been burned, the foam is sprayed from far and near, so that the foam completely covers the combustion liquid surface; if it is burned in the container, the foam should be directed to the inner wall of the container to make the foam Flowing along the inner wall gradually covered the surface of the fire. Do not directly aim at the liquid surface to avoid the impact of the jet. Instead, the burning liquid will be flushed or flushed out of the container to expand the scope of combustion. In the fight against solid material fires, the jets should be aimed at the most intense combustion. In the event of a fire extinguishing, with the shortening of the effective spray distance, the user should gradually approach the combustion zone and always spray the foam on the combustion until it is extinguished. When in use, the fire extinguisher should always be turned upside down, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.
(Hand-held) foam fire extinguishers should be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated, and accessible place. They must not be exposed to high temperatures or exposure to sunlight to prevent carbonation from decomposing. In winter, antifreeze measures should be taken to prevent freezing; Frequently wipe dust and clear the nozzle to keep it open.
2. The fire-fighting foam fire extinguisher adapts to the fire and the method of use is the same as the fire-fighting chemical foam fire extinguisher.
How to use: When in use, generally two people operate, first quickly push and pull the fire extinguisher to the fire, stop at a distance of about 10 meters from the fire point, spray hose by one person, hold the gun in both hands and point to the burning place; another First, turn the hand wheel counterclockwise to raise the screw to the highest position, open the bottle cap, and then tilt the cylinder back so that the rod touches the ground and rotate the valve handle by 90 degrees to spray the foam to extinguish the fire. If the valve is installed at the gun, the person responsible for operating the gun opens the valve.
Fire extinguishing methods and precautions are basically the same as those for portable chemical foam fire extinguishers. Because this kind of fire extinguisher has a long injection distance and a long continuous injection time, it can give full play to its advantages, and it can be used to fight the initial fire in a large area of ​​storage tanks or tankers.
3. Application of air foam fire extinguishers to fire and use methods
The scope of application is basically the same as a chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, anti-foam foam fire extinguishers can also fight water-borne flammable, flammable liquid fires such as alcohol, ether, ketones and other solvent burning initial fire.
Instructions:
When in use, you can quickly rush to the fire with your hand or shoulder blade. At a distance of about 6 meters from the burning, pull out the safety pin, hold the pressure handle in one hand, hold the spray gun in the other, and squeeze the pressure handle to open the seal or pierce it. Gas cylinder seals, air bubbles can be sprayed from the gun mouth. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable chemical foam fire extinguisher. However, when the air foam fire extinguisher is in use, the fire extinguisher should always be upright, not to be used upside down or lying on it, otherwise the spray will be interrupted. At the same time, you should always hold the pressure knob firmly. Do not let go. Otherwise, the jet will be interrupted.
4. Acid and alkali fire extinguishers adapt to fire and use methods
It is suitable for the initial fire of the burning of Class A materials, such as wood, fabrics, paper and other fires. It cannot be used to fight a fire that burns a Class B material, nor can it be used to fight a Class C flammable gas or a Class D light metal fire. At the same time, it cannot be used for fighting a charged object fire.
Instructions:
When using, the upper part of the cylinder should be lifted and quickly rushed to the fire site. The fire extinguisher must not be placed on the back or tilted too much to prevent the two liquids from mixing and ejecting in advance. About 6 meters away from the combustion, the fire extinguisher can be turned upside down and shaken several times to speed up the mixing of the two liquids. One hand holds the ring and the other hand grasps the bottom ring under the barrel. The jet is directed at the point where the combustion is most intense. At the same time, as the spray distance is reduced, the user should push closer to the combustion site.
5. How to use the CO2 fire extinguisher When extinguishing the fire, just point the fire extinguisher to or from the fire. Put the fire extinguisher out of the fuse about 5 meters away from the burning object. Hold the handle of the horn root with one hand, and hold the other hand. Closed valve handle. For CO2 fire extinguishers without jet hose, the horn should be 70-90 degrees upwards. When using, do not directly grasp the outer wall of the horn or metal connecting pipe to prevent hands from being frosted. When the fire is extinguished, when the flammable liquid burns like a drool, the user sprays the jet of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent from near to far to the flame. If the flammable liquid is burning in the container, the user should lift the horn. Spray from the upper side of the container to the burning container. However, it is not possible to directly impact the flammable liquid surface with the carbon dioxide jet so as to prevent the flammable liquid from being flushed out of the container to expand the fire and cause difficulty in extinguishing the fire.