The solar cell industry will make a big difference

In solar power systems, the most complex component of technology should be solar cells. It can be said that solar cells are the core of solar power generation systems, and their development and production directly affect the popularity and development of solar power generation.

The main principle of solar cells is to use a semiconductor material to place a thinner N-type semiconductor on a thicker P-type semiconductor. When photons hit the surface of the device, electrons diffuse from the junction of the P-type and N-type semiconductors. The current can be extracted by the metal conductors at the upper and lower ends.

The types of solar cells vary according to the materials used. Solar cells can be classified into: 1. silicon solar cells; 2. batteries made of inorganic compounds such as gallium arsenide III-V compounds, cadmium sulfide, copper indium selenium and the like; 3. Solar cells prepared by functional polymer materials; 4, nanocrystalline solar cells, etc.

Silicon is the most ideal solar cell material, which is the main reason why solar cells are mainly silicon materials. In the above batteries, the single crystal silicon solar cell has the highest conversion efficiency and the most mature technology, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 23.3%. In the manufacturing process, techniques such as surface texturing, emitter passivation, and zone doping are generally employed. However, due to the price of single crystal silicon material and the corresponding cumbersome process, the cost price of single crystal silicon is high, and it is very difficult to reduce the cost significantly, and the large-scale popularization of solar power generation cannot be realized.

With the continuous development of new materials and the development of related technologies, solar cells based on other materials are increasingly showing attractive prospects. At present, the research of international low-cost mass production technology mainly focuses on the manufacturing technology of polycrystalline silicon, large-area thin film amorphous silicon, CdTe battery, CIS battery, III-V compound semiconductor high-efficiency photovoltaic cell, amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon hybrid thin film photovoltaic cell. etc.

If the characteristics of single crystal silicon are high efficiency and high cost, the problem of other material batteries is undoubtedly low cost and weak conversion. Compared with monocrystalline silicon solar cells, in addition to polysilicon, cadmium telluride, etc., the photoelectric conversion efficiency of other materials is generally less than 15%.

The development of solar cells in China China began to study solar cells in 1958, and was first applied to satellites launched in China in 1971. Solar cells were used on the ground in 1973. Due to price and production constraints, the market is developing very slowly. In addition to being a satellite power source, solar cells on the ground are only used in low-power power systems such as beacon lights and railway signal systems.

In 2002, the relevant state ministries and commissions launched the “Power-free plan for power-free townships in the western provinces” to solve the problem of electricity use in the power-free townships in the seven western provinces through photovoltaic and small-scale wind power generation. The launch of this project has greatly stimulated the solar power industry. Several solar cell packaging lines have been built in China, which has led to a rapid increase in the annual production of solar cells.

At present, solar cells have been widely used in various fields such as communication, transportation, and civilian products. Photovoltaic power generation is not only included in the national research plan, but also included in the national power construction plan, and is also applied in some major engineering projects. At present, photovoltaic power generation has spread throughout the provinces and autonomous regions of western China, as well as some provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the central and eastern regions, with a total investment of more than 3 billion yuan.

The high efficiency and low price of solar cells has always been the goal of international development. Similarly, the fundamental problems in the production and promotion of Chinese products are also gathered here. The demand for electricity-free areas such as grasslands, islands, and deserts is huge, but the problems of affordability, insufficient production scale, and weak product targeting are very prominent. In the urban power system, the high one-time investment cost is undoubtedly more difficult to promote. Therefore, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and expanding scale should be the subject of today's development and production of solar cells.

In terms of specific operations: the research of polycrystalline silicon solar cells should combine the research and introduction, and establish a production line with an annual production capacity of megawatts as soon as possible; monocrystalline silicon solar cells focus on improving the efficiency of components and reducing production costs; accelerating the development of new solar energy battery. Specific standards: The main technical and economic indicators for the establishment of megawatt-class polycrystalline silicon solar cell module production line: component efficiency 13%, component life expectancy 20 to 25 years; technical transformation of monocrystalline silicon solar cell module production line main technical and economic indicators: component efficiency 14% ~ 15%, component life is 20 to 25 years.

In order to develop rapidly under the existing technical conditions, the solar cell industry should realize the industrialization of small-scale optical power sources as soon as possible; focus on the development of serialized, standardized, commercialized research and integration of photovoltaic power generation technologies for independent operation of photovoltaic power plants below 100 kW. Scale application is ready.

In terms of specific standards: low-power photovoltaic power supply industrialization power range: kilowatt-class, hundred-watt-level industrial scale: total capacity greater than 1 megawatt system cost: more than 30% lower than the average price of "eight five"; solar power plant series Chemicalization, standardization, and commercialization. Power range: 10 kW ~ 100 kW system cost: more than 30% lower than the "eight-five" average price; grid-connected photovoltaic power generation technology research and demonstration. The preliminary research of MW-level grid-connected photovoltaic power station, the development of 10 kW grid-connected photovoltaic demonstration power station, 100 kW grid-connected photovoltaic power station inverter, photovoltaic power station operation and power system related technology research.

The use of solar photovoltaic power generation is an irreversible trend in energy utilization. China has become the second largest power consumer market in the world after the United States, and its demand growth rate is the highest in the world. However, the tightness of petroleum energy and the urgency of coal resources make the existing power generation methods far from meeting the demand for power consumption. The promotion of solar power generation is quite urgent and the market potential is huge. In response to the market and accelerating development, the solar cell industry is bound to have much to offer.

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