Wheat is one of the most widely distributed food crops in the world. Its production and planting area account for about one-third of the world's food. It is also one of the three major food crops in China, accounting for 22% of China's total grain production and consumption. %about.

Weeds are one of the most threatening pests in wheat fields, seriously affecting the high yield and stable yield of wheat. According to reports, the area of ​​wheat field damage in the country is more than 30%, which can cause nearly 5 billion kg of wheat loss each year.

Weeds in wheat fields are mainly divided into two categories, grass weeds and broadleaf weeds. The main weed identification characteristics of wheatgrass in the wheat field are described in detail below.

1 Introduction to the local characteristics of weeds

1.1 Look at Mai Niang (Poaceae) Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.

Adult stalks are sparse, soft, smooth, base knees often curved; leaf blade; leaf tongue membrane, apex triangular, longer than valerian, Japanese aphid; leaf sheath usually shorter than internode; panicle narrow Cylindrical, spikelets densely above cob, puberulent puberulent, lower part of lateral veins shortly pubescent; anther orange yellow.

1.2 Japan to see Mai Niang (Poaceae) Alopecurus japonicus Steud.

Adult stalks stalked, smooth, erect or base often sessile; leaf blade; leaf sheath slack; leaf blade membranous, serrate; panicles terete, sessately sateately sateately sately The base of the tendon is elongated and the anther is grayish white.

1.3 Valerian (Poaceae) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.

The stalks are clustered and erect; the leaves are broadly stripped, the veins are straight and parallel, and the parallel veins are deep; the sheaths are glabrous and longer than the internodes; the ligules are thin and smooth; the seeds are obovate, pale yellow, both sides Flattened, 2 columns are arranged on one side of the cob.

1.4 Brome (Poaceae) Bromus japonicus Thunb.

Adult stalks stalked, erect or slightly slanted; leaf blade long, pilose on both sides; leaf sheath closed, tomentose; ligule membranously membranous, apically loculate; panicle inflorescence, 3--7 Branches, 1 to 4 spikelets on each branch; small spikelets flat, lanceolate, membranously marginate; rachis long elliptic, apex dentate, subulate.

1.5 section wheat (grass) Aegilops tauschii Coss.

Adult stalks clustered, slanted or nearly erect, sometimes attached; leaf blade slightly rough, margins with long lashes; leaf sheath tightly stalked, margin ciliate; leaf membranous; spikelets cylindrical, clinging to cob segments Between, falling off section by section.

1.6 Wild Oats (Poaceae) Avena fatua L.

Culms stalked or solitary, erect; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate; lanceolate lanceolate; lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate The texture is hard, the lower part is loose and coarse, and the body has long awns.

1.7 Multi-flowered ryegrass (Poaceae) Loliun multiflorum Lam

The stalks of the adult plants are finer than the wheat, the leaves of the seedlings are purple-red, the leaves are dark green in the late stage, the surface waxy layer is thick and the oil is bright; the leaf sheaths are loose, the ligules are small or not obvious; the spikes, the spikelets are solitary, sessile, long and narrow Shape, alternate on the cob.

1.8 Poa (Poaceae) Poa annua L.

Plants clustered, short, erect or slightly slanted; leaf blade lanceolate, lanceolately lanceolately lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate The panicles are unfolded, with 1 to 3 branches per section.

1.9 Hard Grass (Poaceae) Sclerochloa kengiana (Ohwi) Tzvel.

Adult stalks erect or basally sessile; stalk base reddish-brown; leaf blade broadly sately sately sately sately sately sately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessate Intensive and compact, hard and erect, with small spikes between the nodes.

1.10 Candle Grass (Poaceae) Phleun paniculatum Huds.

Also known as ghost candle, stalked, erect or oblique upward; leaf sheath shorter than internode; leaf membranous; panicles densely cylindrical; spikelets inverted triangle.

1.11 Big Spike Looks at Mai Niang (Poaceae) Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.

The stalks are clumped, apex acute, with spurred hairs on both sides of the leaf margin; ligules triangular, leaves and sheaths glabrous; panicles cylindrical, anthers ca. 2 mm.

2 Different grass weeds distinction points

2.1 Look at Mai Niang (A) and Japan to see Mai Niang (B)

2.2 Look at Mai Niang (A) and Valerian (B)

2.3 section wheat (A) and brome (B)

2.4 Wild oats (A) and ryegrass (B)

In recent years, the grassland in the wheat field is complex, and a variety of difficult to prevent weeds occur together. The main hazard level has an upward trend, and the dominant species has changed. Different herbicides have different herbicidal spectrums, and different weeds have different sensitivities to herbicides. For example, acetylacetoate has no obvious effect on bluegrass, brome, and wheat. At present, only methyl disulfuron is effective for the wheat, and if the seedling stage cannot accurately identify the weeds, it is impossible to choose a suitable herbicide. It will cause economic losses, especially for large farmers. Correct identification of weeds is essential for effective control of weeds in wheat fields.

3 broadleaf weed identification map

3.1 Bristle (Rowweed) Galium aparine L.

Also known as Lala 秧, 涩 拉秧; stem quadrangular, ribs, leaf margins and leaves on the back of the veins have small bristles, climbing or attachment growth; leaves 6 to 8 pieces of rotation, nearly sessile; small Fruit spherical, densely hooked.

3.2 Big nest (legume) Vicia sativa L

Also known as wild peas, stems ribbed, sparsely pubescent; pinnately compound, with tendrils; leaflets apex sessate, dentate, minutely sessate, sessately sessate Shape, the seed is nearly spherical.

3.3 Persian Posner (Scrophulariaceae) Veronica persica Poir.

Also known as the Arabian mother-in-law, the whole plant has pilose; the base of the stem is opposite, the upper leaves are alternate, the oval is round, the edges are bluntly serrated; the flowers are light blue, with radial dark stripes, solitary in the leaf axils.

3.4 Baogao (Lipaceae) Veronica persica Poir.

Also known as the Buddha, the leaves are opposite, sessile, 2 sides sparsely pubescent; flowers pink or purple, 6-10 stalks, pink or purple.

3.5 Wild geranium (geranium), Geranium carolinianum L.

The whole plant is pilose; the base of the cotyledons is heart-shaped, apex dimpled, apex with apex, petiole; leaf blade deeply lobed, long ovate at leaf margin; petal reddish, long stalk at apex.

3.6 Traditional (Dianthaceae) Stellaria media (L.) Cyr.

Also known as goose, the plant is flat or nearly erect, with a row of pubescent pubescent on one side; leaves opposite, ovate, entire, apex acutely lanceolate;

3.7 Niu Fanyu (Dianzhu) Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries

Also known as the goose intestine, the plants are supine or nearly erect, the stems are smooth, pubescent; leaves opposite, ovate, entire, apex acute; flowers terminal or simple leaf axils, white.

3.8 Mai Jiagong (Citrusaceae) Lithospermum arvense L.

Stems erect or obliquely sessile, sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately lanceolate

3.9 Broadcasting of Artemisia (Crucifera) Descurainia sophia (L.) Schur

Stems erect, cylindrical, with multiple branches at upper, whole plants with bifurcate; leaves alternate, lower leaves with stalks, upper leaves sessate, leaf blade 2–3-pinnately lanceolate, culrs s. Race; racemes terminal, yellowish; long-stem.

3.10 Ze paint (大戟科) Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Also known as 5 clouds, the whole plant contains milk, stems from the base part of the branch, usually glabrous; leaves alternate, nearly sessile, apex obtuse or dimpled, base gradually narrow, fine teeth above the middle of the leaf margin. There are 5 leafy leafy stalks at the top of the stem; the terminal inflorescence is terminal, the stalk is 5, and each small stalk is regenerated with 3 small stalks, and each small stalk is divided into 2 branches.

3.11 Amaranth (Crucifera) Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic

Stems erect, branched; basal leaves sessate, sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessate sessate Racemes terminal or axillary; petals 4, white; corolla inverted triangle or inverted heart, flat.

3.12 Rice Amaranth (Asteraceae) Lapsana apogonoides Maxim

Also known as rice glutinous rice, basal leaves clumped, rosette-like; flower heads small, arranged into sparse aphid panicles, slender stalks; yellow flowers.

3.13 Bowling flower (Convolvulaceae) Calystegia hederacea Wall.

Perennial herbaceous, ribbed, glabrous; leaf alternate, minutely sessate; sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessately sessate sessate Pleated, corolla funnel-shaped, pink.

3.14 Stinger (Asteraceae) Cephalanoplos segetum (Bge.) Kitam.

Also known as small cockroach, root white, adult plants with long stalk roots, stems erect; leaves alternate, sessile; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-lanceolate lanceolate, entire or dentately lanceolate, lanceolate, Hairy; flower head terminal, reddish or purplish red.

3.15 Amaranth (Crucifera) Rorippa montana (Wall.) Small

Also known as wild rapeseed, stems erect, stout; basal leaves and lower leaves with stalks, large-pinnately divided, glabrous on both sides; upper leaves oblong, sessate. Racemes terminal, yellow flowers.

Due to the long-term and large-scale use of sulfonylurea herbicides, it has been reported that pig mites, sown wormwood, leeks, and maijiagong have developed resistance to fensulfuron-methyl, and in recent years, stagnation, cattle stagnation, and mother-in-law, Broad-leaved weeds such as gray-green pheasant and sorghum have spread in a large number of wheat fields. The weeds in wheat fields are no longer single, the grass is complex, and weeds are more problematic. Correct identification of weeds and selection of suitable herbicides are key to effectively controlling weeds in wheat fields.

More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network

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