Exploring the core components of dark matter alpha spectrometer
The dark matter research team led by American Chinese physicist Ding Yuzhong released major research results yesterday. According to the first observations of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station, researchers have found five of the six evidences that can prove the existence of dark matter. Only the last step from the discovery of dark matter 41 billion data will change human knowledge [HANDS FREE READING LIGHT.]No more holding a flashlight by your hand or by your mouth, or wear a headlamp on your head, nodding your head like a robot to adjust the light directions when you are reading or busy in repairing. This flexible neck light helps you just focus on what you are doing without worrying about the light, whenever for reading in bed, repairing, craft, knitting, working and camping etc. Bedside Reading Lamps,Rechargeable Book Light,Portable Reading Light,Bedside Reading Light Ningbo Wason Lighting Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.nbwasonled.com
Dark matter is one of the most critical assumptions in the existing theory of the formation of the universe, and it can solve the problem of unconformity in the theory of the Big Bang. In order to find dark matter, Ding Yuzhong proposed an international cooperation project for the construction of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer in 1995. Chinese scientific research institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and Shandong University participated in the construction of the core components of the magnetic spectrometer. In May 2011, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer was sent into space and began a three-year dark matter exploration mission.
On the evening of the 18th, local time, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer project led by Nobel Prize winner and American Chinese physicist Ding Yuzhong announced the latest research results at the European Nuclear Research Center, further showing that dark matter may exist. This achievement was published in the latest issue of the American Physical Review Letter.
According to Prof. Cheng Lin, a scientist from Shandong University who participated in the project, at present, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer has discovered 109 billion electrons and anti-electrons. In the completed observations, five of the six characteristics of dark matter have been confirmed. This research has taken a big step forward in human exploration of dark matter.
What is dark matter in the end? In the 1920s, physicists put forward the doctrine of the Big Bang. According to this theory, the universe was in a vacuum before the big bang, and the material world was formed after the big bang. It is inferred that there should be antimatter. Since then, physicists have begun to look for antimatter or dark matter.
"Dark matter is a substance that is invisible to the human eye. It is not easy to prove its existence." Chen Xuelei, chief researcher of the Dark Energy Group of the National Observatory's Cosmic Dark Matter, said that around 1930, scientists discovered that there were some substances in the cluster of galaxies. The gravitational pull is more than other galaxies that can be seen, but these substances do not emit light, so they are called dark matter.
The existing physics hypothesis holds that the material world that humans currently recognize is probably only about 4% of the universe. Beyond this, dark matter that does not glow and does not heat accounts for 23% of the universe, and 73% is dark energy.
There are three main ways to find dark matter. One is to use the particle collision to produce direct dark matter; the other is to use the gravitational field to indirectly detect. Dark matter does not illuminate, but it can produce gravitation, so dark matter can be found by measuring changes in the gravitational field. The Chinese-led PandaX is the practice of the latter approach.
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer project represents the third approach. In theory, dark matter collides with each other to produce excess positrons (the amount of charge is exactly the opposite of our common negatively charged electrons), so it is possible to detect dark matter by detecting positrons.
Since being placed on the International Space Station on May 16, 2011, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer has been in operation for more than 40 months and has collected 54 billion cosmic ray data. The results of the research just released are based on an analysis of the first 41 billion data collected. In these data, scientists observed about 10 million electrons and positrons, which is the maximum value of the positron fraction detected in half a century.
According to the results released by Ding Yuzhong's research team in the American Physical Review Letter, the five characteristics of excess positrons in cosmic rays have been found: the proportion of positrons rises from 8 GWV (1 JI equals 1 billion) The energy begins; in terms of rate, the proportion of positrons to the total number of electrons and positrons increases rapidly; the growth stops at around 275 gigavolts; the process of proportional rise is more balanced, with no obvious peaks; All directions of space, not a specific direction.
According to Ding Yuzhong, the last feature required to prove dark matter is whether the production rate of positrons will suddenly drop. "This takes a lot of time," Ding said. "The rapid decline must be that dark matter and dark matter collide. Electrons, because dark matter energy is limited, it is impossible to generate positrons after a certain amount of energy, so it will suddenly drop."
For the significance of this batch of data, Ding said: "The results we have received so far are not the same as those collected in the past 100 years, so it can be said that all the results slowly change humans for these. Understanding."
China develops the core components of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) project led by Professor Ding Yuzhong is currently one of the largest scientific projects in the world. The structure of the Alpha magnetic spectrometer is very complicated and the task is very difficult, but the basic principle of its work is the knowledge of the movement of charged particles in the magnetic field in high school physics.
To put it bluntly, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is a charged particle detector. Its core component is a permanent magnet developed by Chinese scientists and engineers after 4 years of hard work, which can produce a strong magnetic field. When the charged particles in the universe pass through the magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a Lorentz force on it to deflect it. At this time, the relevant data is recorded, and then the data is processed by an electronic computer, and the positrons can be distinguished from each other. Kind of charged particles.
In 1995, Ding Yizhong proposed the idea of ​​an alpha magnetic spectrometer and presided over its related international cooperation plan. The program is an international collaborative project that mobilizes hundreds of researchers from 31 universities and colleges in 15 countries.
Chinese scientists have devoted a lot of efforts to the magnetic spectrometer. The Chinese units participating in the international cooperation of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer also include the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Southeast University, Shandong University, Zhongshan University, and the Central Research Institute of Taiwan. "Institute of Physics, "Central University", Zhongshan Institute of Science, etc.
The most critical permanent magnet system of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is jointly developed by the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and manufactured by the 211 Factory.
On May 16, 2011, the US Space Shuttle Endeavour launched the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer into space and placed it on the International Space Station.
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