In the metal cutting process, the cutting fluid has cooling, lubrication, cleaning, chip removal and rust prevention. The use of cutting fluids has a significant effect on improving cutting performance and efficiency and reducing tool wear. However, with the increase of environmental awareness and safety awareness, people's understanding of the negative effects of using cutting fluid has gradually deepened. The use of cutting fluid not only increases manufacturing costs, causes pollution to the environment, but also directly damages the health of operators. . Therefore, in recent years, the concept of green manufacturing has been proposed, requiring less or no cutting fluid to achieve the purpose of protecting the environment and the safety of workers.

1 The harm of cutting fluid to human body

The cutting fluid can be roughly classified into two types: a water-soluble cutting fluid which is diluted with water for the main purpose of cooling, and an oil-soluble cutting fluid which is mainly used for lubrication without being diluted with water.

The water-soluble cutting fluid is diluted with a large amount of water and used, and there is no danger of fire smoke and fire. The degreasing cleaning after processing is simple, and the disadvantage is that the machine tool and the workpiece are easily rusted. Oil-soluble cutting fluids have good lubrication and rust-preventing effects, but they can cause severe oil mist during high-speed cutting and deteriorate environmental sanitation. In order to adapt to various lubrication requirements and improve the performance of the cutting fluid, various additives are often added to the cutting fluid.

The main harm of cutting fluid to human health is that its additives contain toxicity. For example, nitrite, chromate, and chlorine compounds are all toxic substances, and nitrites and alcohol amines are easily reacted to form carcinogenic nitrosamines; phenolphthalein materials used as fungicides are also highly toxic.

There are two main ways in which cutting fluids can cause harm to human health:

1. Metal cutting fluid is in direct contact with the operator's skin: 80% of occupational diseases caused by cutting fluid are formed by this route. The harmful effects of water-soluble cutting fluids and oil-soluble cutting fluids on the skin are different.

It is generally believed that oil-soluble cutting fluids are prone to oil acne, folliculitis, keratosis and skin cancer. Among them, oil acne is the most common, it is caused by skin contact with oil and hinders the pores of the skin, resulting in inflammation and formation of pus blisters. When metal chips, grinding wheel particles, oxide particles and rust particles contact the skin to block the pores of the skin, it causes a rash and induces folliculitis. Skin cancer and keratosis are mainly caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH);

Water-soluble cutting fluids are prone to irritating dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response caused by the local toxic effects of epidermal cells. Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by antigen stimulation in the skin and is an important cause of eczema in workers who process cutting fluids.

2. The smoke formed by the operator ingesting the cutting fluid through the respiratory tract: the oil mist formed by the oil-soluble cutting fluid and the micro-droplets formed by the vaporization of the water-soluble cutting fluid stimulate the respiratory mucosa to cause inflammation, the pungent odor of the smoke and the decay of the cutting fluid The stench produced can also be harmful to the respiratory tract.

2 green manufacturing technology <br> <br> how harmful minimize cutting fluid is a very important and difficult to solve. The most direct and effective way to solve the problem of cutting fluids is to use green processing technology with little or no cutting fluid. In the process of finding new cutting lubrication cooling technology, many beneficial attempts have been made to develop a variety of green manufacturing technologies: dry cutting, low temperature cooling, cold air cooling and minimal lubrication technology - MQL (MinimalQuantities of Lubricant).

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