The Electricity Regulatory Commission took the pilot of Russia's brewing power system reform
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Not long ago, a forum on the reform of the Russian power system was held at the State Electricity Regulatory Commission in Beijing. The relevant leaders of the Deloitte Group, which participated in the Russian power reform, were invited to attend the conference to introduce the experience of Russia's power system reform and power transmission and distribution reform.
"We need to learn from foreign experience in promoting the reform of power market, and Russia and China have many similarities in this respect." On April 21, Sun Yaowei, deputy director of the Policy and Regulation Department of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission, who participated in the symposium, explained.
And this is just the "pre-work" of China's experience in learning Russian. According to Sun Yaowei, the State Electricity Regulatory Commission will also organize a study tour to Russia for a field trip.
All these actions are aimed at warming up the upcoming new round of electricity. The newspaper was informed that the three major reforms of electricity market construction, electricity price reform and separation of main and auxiliary industries led by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission are expected to make progress this year.
The China Electricity Regulatory Commission went north to Russia on July 1, 2008. The unified power company (RAO), which once monopolized the Russian power industry, ceased operations. Its thermal power assets were split into six power wholesale companies and 14 regional power generation companies to participate in market competition. The backbone grid of 220 kV and above in the transmission assets is owned by the newly established Federal Grid Corporation; the distribution resources will be privatized after 2010, except for the Moscow and St. Petersburg distribution companies. The power retail business is still responsible for the power distribution company. In addition, the Russian government has also established an independent power system dispatching company.
Due to factors such as institutional transition and financial crisis, the Russian electricity improvement process was delayed compared with expectations, but it still adhered to the established goals. This has attracted the attention of Chinese power reform planners.
Sun Yaowei uses three "same" to summarize the similarities between China and Russia's electricity reforms - the same is the reform in the context of the rapid development of the power industry and the transition of economic reforms; the same is a vast territory with regional power companies; The same is to change the traditional planned economic system and establish a power market operation mechanism. Therefore, compared with other countries, the Russian electricity reform model is more useful for China.
To this end, the State Electricity Regulatory Commission is stepping up its study of the Russian experience. A delegation composed mainly of members of the electric power reform team will go to Russia for field research in the near future. Next, Russian power system people may be invited to introduce their experiences in China.
Use Putin to change the "four-axe"
In the Russian model, the scheduling independent setting was introduced to the designers of China's electric power reform as one of the experiences.
The Russian branch of Deloitte Group, as a financial advisor to the Russian government and the Russian unified power company, participated in the work related to the reform of the Russian power system. Chris Nicholson, chairman of the group's global energy and resources industry, believes that Russia's approach to grid reorganization and dispatch independence can provide a reference for China's electricity reform.
In China, dispatching is still inside the grid, and grid companies are both buyers and sellers, which is considered to be detrimental to fair and open markets.
In the view of the SERC, in addition to the reform plan, Russia’s approach to promoting reform is also worth learning in China.
“The first is government-led and strong promotion.†Sun Yaowei said that Russia’s power reform is organized and promoted from the top down. Former President Putin personally organized the power industry reform working group, formed an expert advisory committee for six individuals, and commissioned 11 units representing different interests to propose 11 sets of reforms to ensure balance and balance the interests of all parties.
"In the traditional planned economy countries, the power reform involves a wide range of problems, and there are many problems. It is difficult to take care of all aspects in a comprehensive manner, so it is more necessary for the government to promote it." Zhu Chengzhang, executive director of the China Energy Research Association, said.
Another major feature of Russia's electricity reform is overall planning and legislation. As early as 2003, Putin signed five bills, including splitting RAO, liberalizing electricity prices, and establishing a competitive power market. Sun Yaowei believes that it is conducive to enhancing the confidence of reform through legislation that clarifies reform expectations.
"Legislative first is an aspect of Russia's electricity reform that is different from China." Zhu Chengzhang pointed out that although China announced the power reform measures in 2002, it has not yet introduced relevant bills to support power reform.
The goal of Russia's promotion of power reform is to establish a market operation mechanism that is suitable for the characteristics of the power industry. To this end, when constructing the structure of the power market, it is clearly defined that high-voltage transmission, low-voltage power distribution and power dispatching are defined as monopolistic businesses, and are maintained and controlled by the state; while power generation, electricity sales, and maintenance services are defined as competitive businesses. Reform of the property rights system.
After the completion of this round of reform, Russia has formed a reasonable market structure, and has established power generation companies, transmission companies, power distribution companies, power supply (sales) companies, established independent trading system management offices and system operation companies, and encouraged large Users purchase electricity directly. "This will lay a reasonable operational foundation for the establishment of an effective electricity market." Sun Yaowei commented.
In addition, Russia's electricity price reform has also attracted the interest of the China Electricity Regulatory Commission.
"There are at least two points in their electricity price reform that are worth learning from." Sun Yaowei said: First, the bilateral contract between the power generation enterprise and the power supply enterprise can be set year by year, allowing adjustment according to fuel cost and inflation; second, with reform Promote the gradual liberalization of price controls, appropriately increase the price of electricity for residents, reduce cross-subsidies, and freely price and sign long-term contracts by both parties.
Pilots of power comprehensive reform brewing When learning from the experience of Russia, the power system reform that has been stagnant for a long time has once again quietly hit the road. Actively and steadily promoting the reform of the power system has been listed as one of the recent priorities of the SERC.
“The SERC will continue to promote the construction of the electricity market, with the pilot of large-scale direct purchase of electricity as an entry point, and gradually establish a standardized bilateral trading market.†Sun Yaowei revealed that this reform will be piloted in Jilin and Guangdong in the early stage, this year will be Inner Mongolia conducts regional pilot projects.
The pre-pilot was government-led, and the ultimate goal was to allow power generation companies and users to conduct direct transactions through the power generation market platform.
At the same time, Wang Xudong, chairman of the Electricity Regulatory Commission, said at the recent meeting of the Party Committee of the China Electricity Regulatory Commission that it will promote the separation of the main and auxiliary reforms and promote the pilot reform of electric power.
"It is often difficult to promote reforms in a single project. Selecting some regions for comprehensive reform pilots is conducive to the reform of the power market, supporting the reform of the transmission and distribution business, accounting, transmission and distribution prices, power generation and energy dispatching, and the rural power system." Sun Yaowei said. .
Advancing this reform needs to be linked to the NDRC-led electricity price reform, especially the verification of independent power transmission and distribution prices. Lu Qizhou, the general manager of China Power Investment Group, told reporters earlier that the transmission and distribution price should be separately verified and the transmission price should be independent. Because the distribution network and the transmission network are two networks, the general large users do not pass through the distribution network and can go directly from the transmission network, so that both the supply and demand sides have a price basis for direct transactions.
In this year's government work report, Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that it is necessary to continue to deepen the electricity price reform, gradually improve the on-grid tariff, transmission and distribution price and sales price formation mechanism, and rationally rationalize the coal price relationship. This is seen as a signal that the government is accelerating electricity reform, especially electricity price reform. It is understood that the electricity price reform is being formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission, and the most important independent transmission and distribution price verification plan may be introduced during the year.
"Electric price reform can be based on the principle of cost plus income. The transmission and distribution price can be verified." Zhang Yuchong, general manager of Jilin Electric Power Company, told reporters that investment costs, labor costs, and production costs are all easy to calculate, and then give the grid a certain percentage of revenue. Mainly used for recycling and reinvestment. On-grid electricity prices and sales electricity prices should gradually follow the market. The role of the government should be price regulators rather than pricemakers.
The premise for verifying the transmission and distribution price of the entire grid is to clarify the cost. Since the reforms of separation of main and auxiliary, separation of transmission and distribution have not been completed, the cost of grid enterprises is difficult to calculate clearly. There is still controversy about the separation of transmission and distribution, but the separation of the main and auxiliary has always been the main content of the electricity reform, but in the past few years, due to differences between various stakeholders, it has stagnated.
“Actually, the main and auxiliary separation missed the best period.†Zhang Yuchong believes that when the power demand in the past few years was strong, the power construction unit had more business, and the cost of separation was lower. At present, the power construction was reduced due to the financial crisis, and the power construction was reduced. If the unit is to be separated from one another, it must consider the issue of stability.
However, he believes that this issue cannot be further delayed. It must be actively faced. "It is better to change it sooner or later."
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