First, the concept of pesticides

1. It is used to prevent, eliminate or control pests such as pests, grasses, rats and mollusks that endanger agriculture and forestry;

2. Used to prevent, destroy or control warehousing, pests and other pests;

3. Regulate the growth of plants and insects;

4. Used for anti-corrosion and preservation of agricultural and forestry products;

5. For the prevention, elimination or control of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, rats and other harmful organisms;

6. Use to prevent, destroy or control pests in rivers, dams, railways, airports, buildings and other places.

Simply put, pesticides are pests that control crop diseases, insects, grasses, rats, mollusks, warehousing, pests, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other places.

Second, pesticide classification

Pesticide is mainly divided into: insecticide, sterilization, weeding, rodenticide and plant regulator.

1 , insecticide

(1) According to the use: agricultural, sanitary, warehouse, construction, clothing insecticides;

(2) According to the mechanism of action (method): stomach poisoning, systemic absorption, contact killing, fumigation, specific agents (infertility, repellent, antifeedant, sexual inducer, insect regulator);

(3) According to composition and source: inorganic, organic, biological insecticides.

Organic pesticides are mainly divided into: organophosphorus (phoxim, dichlorvos), organic nitrogen (insecticide), organochlorine (DDT), carbamate (anti-polycarb), pyrethroid (cypermethrin) , organic fluorine (fluoroacetamide).

Biological insecticides are classified into plant-derived insecticides (nicotine) and microbial insecticides (B. albicans).

2 , fungicide

(1) According to the active ingredients, it is divided into: inorganic fungicide, organic fungicide, and biological fungicide.

Inorganic fungicides are: Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate;

Organic fungicides include: organic phosphorus (rice), organic sulfur (desenzinc), substituted benzene (methyl), organic germanium (Family), organotin (acetyl), heterocyclic (carbendazim) , tricyclazole).

Biological fungicides are: agricultural streptomycin, Jinggangmycin .

(2) According to the method of use, it is divided into: soil, seed, stem and leaf treatment agent.

(3) According to the principle of crops, it is divided into: protection, treatment and systemic fungicides.

3 , pesticide dosage form

( 1) emulsifiable concentrate (EC); (2) powder (D); (3) wettable powder (WP); (4) granule (G); (5) aqueous agent (AS); (6) suspending agent; (7) ultra low volume spray (ULV); (8) soluble powder (SP); (9) micro micelle (MC); (10) aerosol (S); (11) aqueous emulsion (EW); (12) oil agent (O); (13) water-dispersible granules (WDG); (14) colloidal agent (CF); (15) sustained-release agent; (16) aerosol (AE); (17) Mosquito killer.

Third, the identification method of pesticide labels

1. There must be three certificates:

(1) Registration number: PD/PDN/LS/WL/WP××××××××. Pesticide packaging registration number, registration number + provincial and municipal abbreviation + serial number.

(2) Production license number or production approval number: HNP + provincial code + × × × × - product category - product name.

(3) Product standard number: The format is GB+ company letter abbreviation + sequence number + year number. GB national standard, NY department standard, HB line standard, ZB special standard, DB landmark, QB enterprise standard.

2 , marker belt: insecticide (red), fungicide (black), me, grass (green), rodenticide (blue), plant growth regulator (dark yellow).

3 , pesticide name, content, active ingredients, dosage form code (D powder, WP wettable powder, EC emulsifiable concentrate, SG suspoemulsion, G granules, AS water), net weight (gram or kilogram) or net capacity (ml or liter ).

4 , instructions for use: including product characteristics, approval of registered crops and control objects, application period, dosage and method of application.

5 , note: including safety, storage requirements, application intervals.

6. Toxicity Mark: It is highly toxic, highly toxic, moderately toxic, and low in toxicity, all of which are indicated in red.

7. Name, address, postal code, and telephone number of the manufacturing company .

8 , production date, batch number and quality assurance period.

Fourth, the principle of compounding pesticides

1. Two kinds of mixed pesticides cannot change chemically, resulting in loss of active ingredients;

2. The physical properties of mixed pesticides in the field should remain unchanged;

3. Mixing of different pesticides should not improve the toxicity to humans, livestock, poultry and fish, and other beneficial organisms and natural enemies;

4. Mixed pesticides require different modes of control and targets;

5, to achieve synergy;

6, the residual amount is lower than a single agent;

7. Reduce the cost of prevention.

5. Safe and reasonable use of pesticides.

1. Select pesticides correctly, determine the control targets, select suitable pesticide varieties and dosage forms, and select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides.

2, identification of fake pesticides: label identification (three certificates complete, pesticide name / commodity name + common name, net weight / gram or kilogram or liter or milliliter, production date, shelf life, plant name, contact information, toxicity label, type of pesticide, Instructions for use, precautions), substance form (powder, wettable powder, loose powder, emulsion, liquid, tablet).

3, do a good job of safety protection: masks, gloves, the sun is not allowed to fight drugs at noon.

4. Safe use instructions: rationally compound mixed pesticides; rationally apply pesticides; rationally rotate pesticides; achieve control indicators for pesticide application, reduce the number of pesticides used, use, reduce pesticide residues; strictly control the amount of use and the number of pesticides used, Safety interval; apply according to safety regulations, avoiding poisoning

5, pesticide waste treatment: deep burial, recycling, not littering

V. Quality identification of pesticides

1. Powder and wettable agent: loose powder, no agglomeration, uniform color.

2, emulsifiable concentrate: homogeneous, no precipitation, no stratification, no turbidity.

3, suspoemulsion: flowing, no agglomeration, a small amount of stratification after long-term storage should be able to restore the original state after shaking.

4, granules: uniform thickness, less powder.

5, water agent: homogeneous, no precipitation or suspended matter.

6. Application of pesticides

1 , mixed

(1), can be mixed

Insecticides and insecticides: such as trichlorfon and phoxim (cost reduction) or with methyl parathion (virus), organophosphates and pyrethroids (cost reduction).

Insecticides and fungicides are mainly treated: such as dimethoate and carbendazim, chlorpyrifos and rice blast, marathon and Jinggangmycin.

Therapeutic fungicides are mixed with protective fungicides : reducing costs and extending effectiveness.

(2), can not be mixed:

Such as Bordeaux and stone sulfur mixture (physical harm), alkaline drugs and organic phosphorus (antagonistic effect) or with uric acid (physical and antagonistic effects) or with pyrethroids (antagonistic effect) or with organic sulfur (antagonism) Reduced effect); acidic drugs and double-effect spirit (physical harm), acidic water and cream (antagonistic effect); organic phosphorus and enemy (physical), organic phosphorus wet powder and other wettable powder (antagonistic effect) ); organic sulfur and copper preparations (physical harm), Jinggangmycin and quercetin (antagonistic effect); microorganisms and fungicides (antagonistic effect), heavy metal ions and thiophanate or quaternary D (antagonistic effect), Bentazon and Nateng (antagonistic effect), Hecao Ling and Dimethyltetrachloride or Ditetrazol D or Dilofen (antagonistic effect).

2 , period: disease prevention, early treatment of pests

3 , spray medicine: When the medicine is mixed, each concentrated liquid is packed in a pot. Routine sprays to wet the crops. Apply masks to prevent poisoning.

4. In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture confirmed the following six pesticides as counterfeit pesticides:

(1) Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Pesticide Test Factory 5.2% synergistic Aiweier EC, LS2000690

(2) Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical 10% imidacloprid, PD200040514

(3) Qingdao Hansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 10% imidacloprid LS20042295

(4) Shandong Hengli Chemical Company 20% acephate LS200040733

(5) Jiangxi Da Nong Chemical Co., Ltd. 13.5% hypertonic triazophos EC, LS20005375

(6) 15% fluorine bell and oxazophos LS20020474 of Lijiang Tonglu HSBC Biochemical Company

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