Resource Tax Reform: The Realistic Choice of China's Economy
Kitchen Faucets With Sidespray Kitchen Faucets With Sidespray,Kitchen Faucets With Sidespray Price,Kitchen Faucets With Sidespray Product Yuyao Zelin Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd , https://www.kitchen-sinkfaucet.com
The author believes that resource tax reform will be one of the priorities of this year's tax reform. The so-called resource tax mainly refers to a tax that is levied on various natural resources as a tax object, in order to adjust the income of the resource-level difference and reflect the paid use of state-owned resources. Thirty years ago, the exploitation of resources, including crude oil and coal, was monopolized by state capital and allocated by the planning department on a mandatory basis. After the reform and opening up, the social and economic vitality has increased, and the demand for resource commodities exceeds the supply capacity of the planned system. Therefore, China began to allow private and foreign-funded enterprises to enter the resource mining industry as a competitive element. Since state-owned mining enterprises are objectively burdened with some social burdens, in order to subsidize these enterprises, when considering market factors, the initial decision of the relevant state departments is to levy only a small amount of resource tax and resource development compensation fees.
But today, a low level of resource tax has just become the goal of a new round of reform. The reference level of the resource tax “too low level†is the market transaction price that is greatly increased after the resource is mined and commercialized. Although in the past few years, with the introduction of the scientific concept of development, the issue of resource tax has been discussed many times in the "two sessions", and the state functional departments have also acted, such as: since 2004, the state has adjusted coal Resources, tax standards for some commodities such as crude oil, natural gas, manganese ore; in 2006, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation canceled the preferential policy of reducing tax on non-ferrous metal mineral resources by 30%, restoring full collection, and adjusting In the year of 2007, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation raised the tax on coking coal resources and adjusted the tax policy for salt resources. However, the strength of these adjustments is limited, and there is almost no deterrent to the investment in resources close to madness, especially mineral speculation.
According to some surveys, the resource tax of one ton of coal is only 2.8 yuan, the resource tax of one ton of jade is only 5 yuan, the resource tax of one ton of manganese is only 6 yuan, and the resource tax of one ton of sulphur is even a symbolic one yuan. So, what is the situation after these resource products are put on the market? The price per ton of manganese is between 1200 and 1400 yuan, and the market price per ton of sulfur is around 600 yuan. It can be seen that the ratio of relevant resource taxes to its market price is only between 0.5% and 0.2%, and the policy guiding role that can be played is obviously negligible. Such a proportional structure obviously cannot reflect the purpose of actively protecting limited natural resources and making benefits for sustainable development. Moreover, resource taxes are too low, which often has some negative effects on the development of the local economy and downstream industries.
These negative effects are highlighted in the following areas:
First of all, the development of minerals has become a profiteering industry, and has enhanced the temptation of the development of “Zhuzeâ€. For example, in areas with abundant coal resources, the development of “Zheze type†for small coal mines is very typical. According to the data, a small coal kiln with a coal output of about 500 tons has a resource tax of 3 to 6 yuan per ton of coal. In addition to other costs, the maximum price per ton of coal is 60 yuan, while the price of the pit is about 300 yuan per ton of coal. Thus, the contractor’s income for one day is about 100,000 yuan. The formation of huge profits not only enhances the impulse of short-term behavior, but also objectively exacerbates the abnormal state of social wealth distribution.
Secondly, it provides great convenience for the powerful foreign-funded enterprises to control China's scarce resources. An example of recent exposure is the loss of some gold resources in the southwestern and northeastern regions of China. According to specific research, the three gold mines in these two regions have proven reserves of more than 100 tons, and the prospective reserves are 150 tons, 300 tons and 400 tons respectively. They are called “world-class gold mines†by the Ministry of Land and Resources. But now the three major gold mines are controlled by Australia's Aussie Gold, Canada's Mandro Mining Company, and Canada's Southwest Resources Company. The foreign-controlled ratios are as high as 85%, 79%, and 90% respectively. In fact, the gold resources in Australia and Canada are also very rich, but these highly specialized and powerful multinational companies are still "not far away from China", in addition to operating profits, China's resource tax is low and its domestic resources The “deficit†between the high taxes is the main attractive factor.
Third, it has contributed to the problem of excess liquidity, which has intensified the instability of economic life. In China, the problem of excess liquidity is relative, not absolute. In the areas of new rural construction, rejuvenating the country through science and education, and social security, more is the shortage of funds. For the first phase of the lunar exploration project with historical significance and strategic value, the annual national financial investment has only been 450 million yuan in the past three years. At the same time, in the surrounding rural areas where mineral resources development is concentrated, environmental debts, health investment, and school construction are still arrears. On the contrary, a large part of the huge profits obtained from resource investment directly entered the real estate speculation and other areas with low technical thresholds, and increased the partial excess liquidity. The low resource tax also makes it difficult for local finance and its operators in the resource producing areas to have other room for manoeuvre.
Therefore, the author believes that the reform of China's resource tax is indeed necessary to advance as soon as possible. The principle of its reform should not only be reflected in the reform of the “quantitative levy†as “ad valorem levyâ€, but also should expand the resource taxation and include all the scarce resources of our country.