United States

Breakthrough in semi-conductive/superconducting materials, broad application prospects for functional materials

In 2018, in the development of semi-conductive/superconducting materials, American scientists not only developed new methods to improve the electrical conductivity of fullerene materials, but also improved the potential of organic materials for semiconductor manufacturing. They also found that two layers of graphene were wrapped at specific angles. Twist can exhibit unconventional superconductivity and develop new techniques for manipulating the conductivity of graphene by compression, greatly expanding the application prospects of graphene in the field of semiconductors and superconducting materials.

Scientists have also developed techniques for the growth of tantalum nitride-based superconductors by molecular beam epitaxy, and successfully integrated the superconductor material with semiconductor materials with wide bandgap, laying the foundation for the integration of superconductors and semiconductor materials.

Some special features and new materials have emerged. For example, a synthetic polymer material called "random polymer" allows the protein to remove chemical pollution, and is expected to make a contribution in the field of environmental protection; a biocompatible elastomer that not only has the mechanical properties of biological tissues, but also Change color when deformed, or can show your talents in biomedical fields.

In addition, a lithium-magnesium oxide designed by American scientists with chromium and vanadium can greatly increase the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. It can change the structure under different wavelengths of light and convert the new polymerization between rigid and flexible states. The object has broad application prospects due to its self-healing properties and topological structure conversion capability.

Japan

New methods for material synthesis, new black-coated materials

Nanoparticles are one of the basic material groups of nanotechnology. They generally need to be synthesized in a solution with a thin metal ion concentration, and a large amount of waste liquid is discharged, which imposes a huge burden on the environment. Yamagata University designed and synthesized metal complexes suitable for synthesizing nanoparticles, composed of organic ligands and metal ions, and attempted to develop a nanoparticle synthesis method with low environmental load.

A team of Kyoto University, University of Tsukuba, Tokai University, and the Industrial Technology Research Institute found that after the high-intensity terahertz pulse is applied to the phase change material GeSbTe compound (GST), the material grows from the amorphous state in nanometer size. Crystal.

The Institute of Physical Chemistry has newly developed the "atomic mixing method", which can mix a variety of metal elements in different proportions and combinations in very small nanoparticles. Using this method, multi-alloy nanoparticles with 5 and 6 metals, respectively, were successfully synthesized for the first time. This method helps to form new material groups and open up new fields, and to develop new functional materials that have not yet been discovered.

Northeastern University and the University of Washington and the Japan Electric Glass Company have jointly developed a black coating material that can absorb all visible light (wavelength 400-700 nm) with equal intensity. As a result, the dark display, which is considered to be a disadvantage of the liquid crystal display, will become more beautiful. Moreover, the coating material also improves the designability of all displays including organic EL displays.

Israel

Double-layer coatings can absorb heat and cool, space materials can make artificial bones

Israeli startups invented a two-layer coating that absorbs solar heat while cooling the absorbed heat. The stronger the solar energy, the higher the coating's ability to cool. The coating material can be used for almost any surface of a shopping mall, apartment building, vehicle, satellite, etc., and is harmless to the environment, and the service life is 10-15 years.

Scientists have discovered that self-healing properties exist within materials such as halide perovskites. This discovery not only promotes the use of halide perovskites (such as solar energy), but also helps find other self-healing materials used in the manufacture of electronic devices.

The medical staff made the new space material MP1 made of high molecular polymer into artificial bone, which was used in orthopedic surgery to replace the human joint, thus creating a new treatment for joint replacement.

        Russia

        The use of new materials in the cutting-edge field, the development of graphene modified power-assisted sub-computer

In 2018, Russian scientists have achieved a series of new results in the field of new materials:

Scientists at the Tomsk University of Technology have developed high-strength composite materials using polymer fibers and flax fibers. They are lightweight and strong, and can be widely used in the aerospace, aerospace and automotive industries in the future;

The Far Eastern Federal University and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences have synthesized powder mixture materials under extreme conditions. The main components are tantalum carbides and nitrides, with a melting point of 4,400 Kelvin, exceeding the world's most refractory material, five carbonized tetrazolium (Ta4HfC5). The melting point of 4,200 Kelvin records, the material will be mainly used in cutting-edge fields such as defense, aerospace, electronic information, energy, chemical, metallurgical and nuclear industries;

The research team of the Russian Far Eastern Federal University's School of Natural Sciences has developed a new Nd:YAG optical nano-ceramic material containing up to 4% cerium ion active additive with excellent physical and mechanical properties. It can be used as a ground and space optical communication equipment material for manufacturing. Instruments for high-precision distance measurement and pollution monitoring, as well as the development of new laser processing, information recording and storage methods.

In terms of graphene modification, chemists at Lomonosov Moscow State University have synthesized a special type of graphene nanoparticles that resemble jellyfish. The structure of these particles allows them to be used in catalytic processes and in the manufacture of conductive polymerization. , an electrode that can be used to make supercapacitors and batteries;

The international research team of Russian scientists at St. Petersburg State University and Tomsk State University has modified graphene to give its cobalt and gold magnetic and spin-orbit coupling properties, which will help improve quantum computers.

Germany

First measuring the mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials, optimizing the use of rare earths and permanent magnets

The physicist Hartman of the University of Saarland and the researchers at the Leibniz Institute for New Materials collaborated on the scanning tunneling microscopy of graphene to characterize the two-dimensional mechanical properties of atomic-scale thin-film materials. It has opened up new avenues for applications ranging from sensors and processors to fuel cells.

Eight research institutes under the Fraunhofer Institute of Germany have jointly developed solutions to optimize the use of rare earths. One is to use a new solution to reduce the amount of rare earth materials by one-fifth; the other is to reuse the permanent magnets recovered from electric motors, wind turbines or automobiles, and decompose the permanent magnets into tiny particles by pure hydrogen treatment. Then re-cast or sinter, the regenerative magnet can reach 96% of the new magnet capacity.

In addition, experts from the Ulysse Research Center in Germany have developed a new solid-state battery that has a charge rate of 10 times higher than that of the solid-state battery described in the literature. The new battery pack is made of a phosphate compound and the material is optimally matched for chemical and mechanical properties to achieve a consistently good passability of the battery. It takes about 10-12 hours for a solid-state battery to be fully charged again. The new battery can be fully charged in less than an hour, and it is expected to be used in many fields such as electric vehicles, aerospace, smart homes and medical devices.

Korea

Upgrade surfactant materials, low temperature synthesis of large area graphene

The Korean research team has successfully developed a technology for the production of aromatic polyester plastics using genetically engineered E. coli and glucose; using nanoparticle to develop a new generation of surfactants; using tungsten-selenium two-dimensional nano-films and one-dimensional zinc oxide nanowires Developed a new generation of wide-spectrum diode sensing elements; successfully developed a negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries based on a novel nanocomposite (SnF2) and carbon, successfully increasing the capacity of sodium ion batteries by about two times.

In addition, the University of Korea uses silica nanomaterials to produce a highly sensitive, transparent and flexible pressure sensor that uses external ions to transmit external stimuli in passive conditions, with precise sensing of blood pressure, ECG, and surface properties of objects. Capacity; the use of titanium to develop high-quality large-area graphene low-temperature synthesis technology; analog electric power generation principle and structure to develop a miniature high-voltage energy generator, using thousands of energy generator clusters to generate 600 volts.

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