Structural characteristics and principle of multistage pump
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The structural characteristics and working principle of the multi-stage pump are analyzed. Today, our Zhongheng self-priming pump analyzes the knowledge of multi-stage pumps for everyone.
The multi-stage pump is in the form of multi-stage segmentation, which is composed of a plurality of single-stage pumps. On the water-absorbing section, the spouting nozzle is in the vertical upward direction of the water discharge, and the multi-stage pump can lift the multi-stage pump according to the demand. The number of stages, the multi-stage pump is well assembled, and has a great influence on the performance of the multi-stage pump, mainly reflected in the inlet and outlet of the impeller's water outlet and the two-side guide vanes. Even small deviations will have a great impact on the flow of the multi-stage pump. And the lift also greatly reduces efficiency. Especially in the assembly of multi-stage pumps after maintenance, this must be noted, which has a considerable impact on the entire multi-stage pump.
At present, the main components of the multi-stage pump we use are: inlet section, outlet section, impeller, guide vane, outlet section guide vane, shaft, seal ring, balance disc, bushing, tail cap and bearing body. The impeller is made of high-quality cast iron, with blades inside, and the liquid enters one side in the axial direction. Because the impeller is pressed differently before and after, there is bound to be an axial force. This axial force is borne by the balance disc, and the static balance test is carried out during the manufacture of the impeller. . The sealing ring is made of cast iron to prevent the high-pressure water of the pump from leaking back into the water inlet part, and is fixed on the water inlet section and the middle section respectively, which is a wearing part and can be replaced after being worn. The balance disc is made of wear-resistant cast iron and is located at the packing chamber. It is used as a fixed impeller and protects the pump shaft. It is a wearing part and can be replaced with spare parts after wear. The shaft is made of high-quality carbon steel with an impeller in the middle and is fixed to the shaft with a key, bushing and bushing nut. One end of the shaft is equipped with a coupling member that is directly connected to the motor. I won’t go into details here. Below we will introduce the principle of multi-stage pump.
A multistage pump is a type of centrifugal pump that also relies on the rotation of the impeller to obtain centrifugal force and thus material. When the gas density reaches the working range of the mechanical vacuum pump, it is extracted, thereby gradually obtaining a high vacuum.
The multi-stage pump body is filled with an appropriate amount of water as a working fluid. When the impeller rotates clockwise, the water is thrown around by the impeller. Due to the centrifugal force, the water forms a closed ring of approximately equal thickness depending on the shape of the pump chamber. The inner surface of the lower portion of the water ring is just tangent to the impeller hub, and the upper inner surface of the water ring is just in contact with the tip of the blade (actually the blade has a certain depth of insertion within the water ring). At this time, a crescent-shaped space is formed between the impeller hub and the water ring, and this space is divided by the impeller into a plurality of small cavities equal to the number of blades.
If the lower part of the impeller is 0°, the volume of the small cavity becomes smaller from 180° before the rotation, and it communicates with the suction port on the end face. At this time, the gas is sucked in, and when the inhalation is finished, the cavity is small. It is isolated from the suction port; when the impeller continues to rotate, the small cavity becomes larger and smaller, so that the gas is compressed; when the small cavity communicates with the exhaust port, the gas is discharged outside the pump.
In summary, the multi-stage pump realizes the suction, compression and exhaust by the change of the volume of the pump chamber, so it is a centrifugal pump which can change the volume.
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