From 1882 to 1949, China's power industry only reached 1.85 GW after 67 years of installed capacity. In the half century after the founding of New China in 1949, China’s power industry achieved rapid development with an average annual rate of 10%. The above speed is growing. By 1998, the installed capacity of the country has reached more than 277 GW, ranking second in the world. In particular, since the beginning of the 1990s, the average installed capacity of electricity in China has increased by more than 17 GW per year, which has doubled the installed capacity for eight years, and finally eased the continuous power shortage for nearly 50 years, which has eased the power supply. At the same time, since 1998, the withdrawal of the Ministry of Electric Power and the establishment of a national power company have marked the end of the monopoly of electricity by the state in China. This has led to the establishment of a unified, competitive and orderly power market, which gradually follows international standards. Consistent with the trend of international power reform. The emergence of power supply mitigation, the establishment of a national power company, and the start of the electricity market are two historic events that have emerged in the late 20th century.

Looking at the social and economic development of the 20th century, a prominent feature is that the use of electricity has penetrated into all areas of social economy and life. Since electricity has the advantages of easy conversion of energy types, high concentration and unlimited division, clean and easy control, large-scale production and long-distance transmission, the degree of electric power development and application, that is, the degree of electrification of a country becomes a measure of its One of the important signs of the level of social modernization and the level of material civilization and spiritual civilization.

In the 21st century, the 21st century, in which access to information, electronics, and biotechnology are represented, from centralization to decentralization, from hierarchical structures to network structures, and from simple choices to multiple choices, will continue to play a role that cannot be replaced by other forms of energy. Moreover, the degree of dependence on electricity will be higher, and the quantity and quality of electricity supply will also put forward greater and higher requirements.

Although from the beginning of 1997 to 1998, the state of power supply in the country has eased, and power supply exceeds demand in some places, but the level of electricity use in our country is still very low. By 1998, the country’s per capita installed capacity was 0.22 kW, and the power generation was only 927 kW·h. This level was only about one-third of the world average, 1/6 to 1/10 of that of developed countries, and a wealthy well-to-do. The standard of living for electricity is also very different. The grid structure is weak, and the 500kV grid is not yet formed in most grids. The grid has poor security, low reliability, low automation level, insufficient capacity for peaking of the grid, large losses, and poor quality of power supply. The Information Age of the Century Requires Quantity and Quality of Electricity Supply.

Therefore, after entering the 21st century, China’s electricity will continue to develop at a higher speed and scale. The task of power supply and power grid construction is still heavy. At the same time, the development of electricity must also be consistent with the strategy of sustainable development and be subject to the environment. Serious constraints; will also accept the challenges of the power system reform and technological innovation capabilities in the global scope, make it adaptable to the power market system and competition needs in terms of technology and management; will meet the challenge of global and regional economic integration, and make the grid interconnection range growing.

1. Outlook of China's power development

The 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the two major issues in China's socio-economic development should be to improve the socialist market economy mechanism; second is to maintain a sustained, rapid, and healthy development of the social economy.

China's power industry also faces these two major issues, or two tasks.

The first is that the electric power industry must maintain sustained, rapid, and healthy development and ensure sufficient, electric power to ensure the sustained, stable, and healthy development of the national economy and society. In any country during the industrialization period, electricity is the guarantee of the entire socio-economic development and the basis.

The development of electricity promotes the formation of the electricity market. The extraordinary construction and development of the grid will provide the material basis for the construction of the electricity market. Only by developing the electricity market and improving the market mechanism can we further promote the healthy, rapid and efficient development of electricity. .

According to the above-mentioned powers, the two major tasks of “JP2”, according to the three-step strategy of China’s economic development, by the year 2000, it will basically reach a well-to-do level after reaching food and clothing, and by 2010, it will reach the level of a well-off and well-off society and reach the middle of the 21st century. The level of moderately developed countries. In short, during this relatively long period of time, China is still in the industrialization and modernization period. Therefore, the demand for electricity is still very strong. We must have a larger-scale electric power construction to meet the needs of China's industrialization and modernization construction.

It is estimated that by the year 2000, the national installed capacity will exceed 300 GW. In the first 10 years of the 21st century, according to the spirit of the 15th National Congress, the national economy will have to double, that is, its average annual growth rate will reach 7% to 8%. Generally, Corresponding power growth is necessary at a rate of around 6%. Therefore, the installed capacity of the country is expected to be 540 GW by 2010. It can be said that it will take a long time for the power supply to meet the demand. Therefore, saving electricity is still a very important task. It is still necessary to strengthen demand-side management. It is necessary to develop with one hand and to be economical with one hand. Both hands must be hard. Even if calculated according to the above-mentioned projected installed capacity, the annual installed capacity is about 24 GW, which is large, and the continuous time is not available in the world. This will create a tremendous pressure for our country. However, this is based on China’s basic national conditions, which are determined by the large population, and also based on the fact that China is still in the primary stage of socialism. It is also a predictable development stage for China’s economy within the next 20 years. Still at the stage of industrialization and modernization, the level of scientific and technological progress in the areas of energy production, consumption, and material production during this period has not yet reached a major turning point, and the relationship between its electric energy consumption, national economic development, and people’s living standards will not There are fundamental changes such as these basic estimates.

Therefore, in the first 10 to 20 years of the 21st century, it is a critical period for the development of China's electric power, and it is the largest period for China's electric power development. In the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, China’s annual average installed capacity was about 1.1 GW per year, and it increased to 4.2 GW in the 1970s and 7.2 GW in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the annual installed capacity was 17GW, which is almost doubled every 10 years. According to this rule, in the first 20 years of the 21st century, an average annual increase of about 30GW will be required. In this way, by 2020, based on a per-capita 0.6kW (1.5 billion people in 2020), a national installed capacity of about 900 GW is needed and is likely to be achieved, but it is very difficult. Even if it reaches this installed capacity, the average electricity consumption per capita in China is still not high, compared with developed countries, it is still at a relatively low level. It is equivalent to the US 50s, the UK 60s, the French 70s, and the Spanish 80s The per capita electricity level. However, after crossing this line of power demand, it is expected that with the breakthrough in technological development, the growth rate of electricity will gradually decline and remain at a relatively low level. 

2. The focus of China's power industry development

The 20th century in the 21st century is a crucial period for the development of China's electric power. The emphasis is on strengthening the construction of the power grid, while continuing to strengthen power supply construction and speeding up structural adjustment.

2.1 Grid Development Outlook

Since the 1990s, the development of the world economy, science and technology, and multinational corporations have increasingly strengthened world economic and technological cooperation and the trend of economic globalization has become more pronounced. The pace of economic marketization, internationalization of trade and investment, and regional economic cooperation have accelerated. As a power system, theoretically speaking, it has the characteristics of uniformity, simultaneity, and wide area. Therefore, nationwide and regional, so that cross-border power grid interconnection has long been valued by the power departments of various countries. It is foreseeable that the 21st century grid interconnection will develop faster, including cross-regional networking and nationwide networking, as well as cross-border transmission and networking, in order to form a power market within the country and even beyond (transnational or trans-regional). At the same time, with the expansion of the power system, there will be higher requirements for primary equipment and control methods, management methods, power market support technologies, and environmental protection technologies for the power grid.

2.1.1 Basic Ideas for China's Power Grid Development

First of all, in the development of electricity in the first 10 or 20 years of the 21st century, we must focus on the construction and development of the power grid. We must place the construction of the power grid in an important position. The reason is:

(1) Accelerate the development of the power grid and expand the networking, which is determined by the development law of the power industry, and it is the need to realize the sustainable development of power and realize the national sustainable development strategy. Only by developing the power grid can we develop western hydropower and thermal power in northern coal bases, and accelerate the construction of large nuclear power bases in the east, providing a vast market for the development of these large-scale power plants. Only the development of the power grid can provide continuous power supply for new energy and decentralized energy development.

(2) The power grid is the basis for establishing and improving the electricity market mechanism. The power grid is the carrier of the electricity market. Without a unified interconnected power grid, it is impossible to establish a unified and competitive power market. Without the development of the power grid, it is impossible to expand the power market.

(3) Accelerating the construction of power grids will help optimize the allocation of resources and help narrow the economic gap between eastern and western China. With a nationwide unified power grid, there can be a vast market for hydrothermal power in the west, while the construction of hydrothermal power plants in the west will give full play to the advantages of hydraulic power and coal resources, which will drive the further development of the western economy.

(4) Accelerating the construction of power grids and interconnecting the power grids will help improve the efficiency of the power system itself and allow electric power development to embark on the road of intensive development. The networking itself can bring a series of benefits, such as mutual benefits, peak-to-peak benefits, etc. At the same time, it can improve the power system reliability, which will also bring huge social and economic benefits.

(5) Only by strengthening the development of the power grid can it be adapted to the information era of the 21st century. The characteristics of the information society load and power supply will be decentralized and miniaturized, and the reliability and quality requirements for power supply will become higher and higher. Only a developed, complete, and reliable power grid can adapt to the dispersion of power supply and meet the reliability and high quality requirements of power supply.

(6) Promoting networking construction will enable China's power integration into the global economy and make electricity follow the general trend of global economic integration.

On the whole, China's power grid is still relatively weak. Therefore, strengthening the power grid construction will inevitably become a very important part of the 21st century power construction. In China's power grid construction, it is necessary to implement the strategy of catching two heads with the middle. We must focus on two ends, one is the transmission of electricity from large-scale power plants and energy bases, and national networking and multinational networking; the other is the construction of rural power grids and the construction of urban distribution networks. This is a very weak link in current power grid construction. It is necessary to reform and improve, but also to expand (power market). In the middle, it mainly refers to the construction of the 500kV grid within the 220kV power grid and the provincial power companies. It also needs to be further improved and strengthened.

Second, the basic ideas and steps for implementation of China's power grid development are summarized as follows: First, the Three Gorges Power Grid must be taken as the center to promote nationwide networking; the Three Gorges power grid must first be connected to North and North China; and the northwest network must be connected to south and south China. , westward with the Jinsha River Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba power transmission, so that the Three Gorges power grid continues to expand and be further strengthened; the second is to cooperate with the construction of large-scale hydropower stations and thermal power bases, and further increase the "West Power Transmission" and " The power of Nortel Nanxun is to realize the “transmission type” networking based on power transmission; the third is to continuously strengthen the power grid structure of each major area, and apply the benefits at the right time and place. The principle is to use AC or DC to realize “benefit-type” networking based on the benefits of networking, and to organically combine “power transmission type” networking and “benefit-type” networking, connect the entire country to the network, and strengthen the self-network grids of all regions. The combination of construction and the promotion of the formation and development of the nationwide network at the same time, and at the same time we must pay attention to the development of the interconnection of China's power grid and neighboring countries.

2.1.2 Development Pattern of China's Power Grid

China's power grid will enter the 21st century with the pattern of seven inter-provincial and regional power grids and five independent provincial networks that were initially formed before 2000. By the year of 2010, with the construction of the Three Gorges Power Grid, the interconnection of the power grid will be gradually strengthened to form the Central China Power Grid centered on the Three Gorges Power Station and connecting the three regions of Central China, East China and Sichuan and Chongqing. With the development of the North China Coal and Electricity Base, the interconnection of North China and Northeast China, North China, and Shandong Province has been achieved; the North China and Northwest Power Grids have been connected with the development of the Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Coal Mine Power Plants and the Shanxi Shenfu Coal and Electricity Base for transmission to North China. The formation of the North China Power Grid as the center, including the northwest, northeast and Shandong, northern China's power grid. The Southern United Grid will also further strengthen the structure of China Southern Power Grid with hydropower development in Hongshui River, Longtan, Lancangjiang, Xiaowan, etc., and the development of the Guizhou coal-electric power base, as well as the increase in power transmission from Yunnan. In this way, by 2010, China will initially form the shape of the three major power grids in the northern, central and southern regions.

The northern, central and southern power grids will also further strengthen the north-south networking. The northern and central regions, and the central and southern regions will be the first to use the "benefit type" as the main source, followed by the "transmission type" multi-point network. In 2020, a nationwide unified interconnected regional power grid, with the exception of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Taiwan, will be formed. The formation of this power grid will realize the rational energy flow pattern of China's hydropower “West Power Transmission to the West” and coal power “Northern Power Transmission to the South”. At the same time, the interconnection between the northern and central power grids can be obtained in addition to power transmission. The benefits of water-fired regulation between the northern power grid, which is dominated by thermal power, and the central power grid, where hydropower is significant, and the benefits of cross-basin compensation and adjustment between the Yellow River Basin of the Northern Grid and the Yangtze River Basin of the Central Power Grid. The interconnection between the Central Grid and the Southern Grid will also benefit from the inter-basin compensation adjustment between the Yangtze River Basin of the Central Power Grid and the Lancang River and Hongshui River Basins of the southern grid.

2.1.3 About the Three Gorges Power Grid

The purpose of building the Three Gorges Power Grid is to ensure the delivery of power from the Three Gorges Power Station; the second is to realize the interconnection of large-scale power grids to give full play to the benefits of the Three Gorges Power Station.

The scale of the Three Gorges Power Transmission and Transformation Project approved by the State Council's Third Construction Committee is 9,100km of 500kV transmission lines (including 2200km of 2 DC transmission lines) and 24,750 MVA transmission and transformation capacity, and 4 3GW for DC converter stations.

The Three Gorges Power Station has deployed a total of 15 return lines and left 2 expansion spaces. Among them, 2 will send power back to the Sichuan-Chongqing grid, and the transmission capacity will be considered at 2GW. The corresponding 500kV line 1080km will be constructed and the 500kV substation will be 2,750 MVA.

In addition, the 8-circuit line is sent to the left and right bank converter stations and the Gezhouba converter station. From the converter station, three DCs totaling 7.20 GW (including the original 1.20 GW DC line from Gezhouba to Nanqiao) are sent to the East China Power Grid; After the construction of East China Power Grid, the 500kV 850km line and the 8500MVA substation will be built.

The remaining five trips to the Three Gorges power station, plus the four lines from the 500 kV bus line on the left and right bank converter stations, that is, a total of nine 500 kV lines were sent to Huazhong Power Grid, with a transmission capacity of 12 GW, and a corresponding 500 kV line of 4970 km. Variable capacity 13500MVA.

Through the above-mentioned power transmission and transformation projects, the interconnection of the Central China, East China, and Chuanyu power grids will be gradually realized. Together with the original Central China, East China, and Chuanyu power grids, it will form an east-west length of 2,900 km along the Yangtze River basin and a width of 1,500 km from north to south, involving central and eastern China, Three Gorges Power System in 10 provinces (cities) in Sichuan and Chongqing. The installed capacity of the above three major power grids in 1995 was 8360GW, accounting for about 40% of the national capacity. It is estimated that the installed capacity of the Three Gorges System will be about 100 GW in 2000 and about 200 GW in 2010. This is a large-scale power system, which is expected to be completed in 2009. With the development and delivery of the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations on the Jinsha River, the Three Gorges Power System has been further expanded and strengthened, becoming China’s largest power system. It is also the core of the national interconnected power grid.

2.1.4 About Multinational Networking

As early as the 1950s, eight countries in Western Europe began to set up the European Union for Transmission and Distribution Coordination (UCPTE) to develop the European Union’s national grid. By 1996, the installed capacity of combined power grids in Western Europe was 430 GW. Recently, we have also considered the interconnection of the multi-national interconnected power grid in the Baltic Sea, and Russia. Interconnections between the Mediterranean countries in southern Europe, northern Africa and western Asia are also underway.

The largest North American interconnected power system in the Americas consists of more than 2,000 power companies in the United States, and the installed power grid has a capacity of nearly 700 GW. The north is also connected to Canada via AC and DC, and the south is interconnected with the Mexican power grid, forming the largest North American power grid in the world.

In South America, Central America, Southeast Asian countries in Asia, India in South Asia, and neighboring Bangladesh and Pakistan are planning multinational networking.

In Northeast Asia, Russian power experts are exploring and proposing to link Siberian power grids with northeastern China and North Korea and through North Korea and Japan’s power grids to form the Northeast Asian power grid.

It can be seen that the interconnection of multinational power grids has become a basic trend of power grid development in the 1990s. It can be expected that these networks will be gradually realized after entering the 21st century. The slogan of the power grid without borders has ringed, and the trend of transnational networking is irreversible. Under this general trend, standing still means lagging behind. We must actively promote and develop this kind of transnational networking so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources across regions and across borders to form a wider range of electricity markets. The development of global economic integration.

For our country, the interconnection with the neighboring countries’ power grids is based on the interconnection of the north and the Russian Siberian power grid in order to realize Russia’s abundant hydropower transmission to China; in the east, it is combined with Russia’s Siberia to deliver power to North China and Northeast China, achieving The west of the peninsula is interconnected with the Kyrgyzstan and Kazak power grids in the west to resolve the power shortage in the southwestern part of Xinjiang and further extend the interconnection with the Afghan National Grid. In the south, the Jinghong hydropower station on the Lancang River is used to transmit electricity to Thailand via Laos. , to achieve and Southeast Asia's power transmission network. The current focus is Yunnan Jinghong's transmission of electricity to Thailand, and Russia's Irkutsk grid to send electricity to China's North China and Northeast China grids.

In short, China’s power grid in the 21st century will be further developed on the basis of the basic pattern of the three major power grids in North, Central, and South China, with thermal power in the north, hydropower in the west, south and nuclear power in the east, and a large number of extensive new energy sources. We will expand and strengthen the networking between northern, central and southern grids and gradually form a unified, reliable, efficient, flexible, and open nationwide grid. At the same time, starting from China’s joint power grid, the north and Russia, the east and the Korean peninsula and Japan, the west and the Kyrgyz, Kazakh grid interconnection, south and Southeast Asian countries and Indonesia, the Philippines interconnection, in 21 Century will gradually form a wide range of East Asian joint power grids.

2.2 Power Development Outlook

The focus of power development is the summary: Accelerate the construction of hydropower bases in the western and southwestern regions, increase the level of development of hydropower resources and reduce the pressure on coal; increase the development of large-scale coal and electricity bases in the western and northern regions to reduce pressure on transportation and the eastern environment. It also promotes economic development in the western region and narrows the gap between east and west; strengthens nuclear power development to reduce pressure on coal and the environment; accelerates the development of new energy, especially the development of wind power and solar power; step up gas turbines such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and natural gas; The development cycle of the combined cycle unit is to improve and optimize the energy structure and the generating unit structure as much as possible. There is another point that the power supply must look global and meet the global economic integration. Of course, while strengthening the development of electric power, we must also pay special attention to the technological transformation of electric power; we must pay attention to saving, we must save electricity, save water, and save land, and we must strengthen environmental protection.

2.2.1 Related Hydropower

It is necessary to vigorously accelerate the construction of hydropower bases and the development of hydropower basins. By 1998, China’s hydropower installed capacity was 65.06 GW, and its power generation capacity was 204.3 TW·h, which accounted for 17.2% of the country’s total hydropower capacity of 378 GW and the hydropower generation capacity of 1920 TW·h 10.6%. This rate of hydropower development It is about half of the world’s average hydropower development rate of 20%, much lower than the developed regions such as North America’s development rate of 60% and Europe’s 50%. Therefore, we must vigorously accelerate hydropower development in the early twentieth century, especially the development of large-scale hydropower bases and watersheds. This is the need for China to implement the strategy of sustainable development, and it is also a great challenge for China's energy resources and the balance of global environmental issues. The requirements put under pressure.

According to the national installed capacity of 540 GW in 2010, hydropower is required to reach 110 GW, an average annual increase of about 4 GW. If all aspects attach great importance, this level can be achieved, and the hydropower development rate can reach about 30%.

At present, there are 14 large-scale hydropower bases across the country. In 1998, the hydropower capacity under construction reached 31.83 GW. These units can all be put into production before 2010. In addition, the annual installed capacity of small hydropower is more than 1 GW. By 2010, hydropower will reach 100 GW and above. It is possible.

At present, China is the best time for accelerating hydropower construction. Increasing investment in hydropower is one of the best choices to start the economy, expand domestic demand, and promote economic recovery. It is a basic project with good social, economic and environmental benefits. At present, it is important to pay close attention to the preparations for the construction of several large-scale hydropower bases, namely, the construction of the Jinshajiang Xiludu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations after the construction of the Three Gorges hydropower station, and the preparation for the construction of the Qingjiang Shuibuya; the Xiaojiang River after the Dachaoshan The construction of Jinghong Hydropower Station; the development of the Wujiang River after the Dongfeng Hydropower Station; the development of hydropower stations in Hongjiadu and Goupitan; and the construction of Longtan after the Tianshengqiao First Class; and the Dadu River, the official land on the Yagong River, Tongzilin, The construction of the Pubugougou; the construction of Gongboxia and Laxiwa after the Lijiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River; and the expansion of several old hydropower stations and the construction of pumped-storage power stations. The above-mentioned power station requirements started as early as possible before 2010, so that by 2020, the hydropower installed capacity will reach around 170 GW, that is, the hydropower development rate will strive for about 45%. As long as we start to grasp from now on, this planning goal should be completely achievable.

The key is that in the development of hydropower, we must adhere to the reform, adopt a watershed development approach, and establish a solid development company in accordance with the requirements of a modern enterprise system. The entire process of the company is responsible for the development and operation of hydropower; second, the country must vigorously support the development of hydropower. In particular, as a national infrastructure construction, there must be preferential policies in terms of funding, such as preferential payments, long-term and reasonable repayment periods, etc.; third, rely heavily on scientific and technological progress, and China’s hydropower construction in the future will be of a huge scale. It is also increasingly shifting to the southwest and northwest, with harsh natural conditions, complex geological conditions, high slopes, thick cover, high seismic cracking, serious demands on natural resources and ecological environment protection, which all need to rely on scientific and technological progress to do comprehensive planning. We must do a good job in geology, dam sites, and the environment to ensure the smooth progress of construction and ensure the rationality of the technology and economy in order to realize the coordinated development of ecology, economy, and society.

2.2.2 About Large-scale Thermal Power Base Construction

In China's power supply structure, thermal power equipment accounts for more than 75% of the total installed capacity. This situation is difficult to change for a long period of time. Therefore, in 2010, the country’s total installed capacity reached 540 GW, thermal power installed capacity was approximately 400 GW or more, and coal needed approximately 1 billion tons. This is equivalent to an annual increase in coal consumption of approximately 40 million tons. It is expected that this is also the output of coal in China. Arranged for the maximum amount of coal for electricity.

The focus of thermal power construction should be the active use of high-parameter, large-capacity, high-efficiency, high-adjustment, water-saving, 600MW-based equipment; to vigorously develop clean coal combustion technology to reduce the pressure on the environment; to encourage thermal power Co-production and the promotion of heat, electricity, and cooling technologies to increase the overall energy efficiency; to actively support and make great efforts to build coal mine power plants, build coal-fired power plants, and exert economies of scale, and that coal can be delivered as coal. Electricity will relieve the pressure on transportation and reduce the pressure on the environment in economically developed areas.

The focus of the coal mine power plant is Shanxi in north China, western Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia in the northwest, and Dongsanmeng in the northeast. It is planned that the mine mouth power plant to be built and put into production by 30 to 40 GW by 2010. In the convenient coastal and load center areas, a number of port power plants and junction power plants will be constructed. In short, the construction task of thermal power is still heavy, and the pressure on environmental protection is also very great, the task is very arduous.

By 2020, thermal power generation is expected to be about 600 GW, which will require about 1.4 billion tons of coal, accounting for about 66% of the planned coal volume of 2.1 billion tons. This will put enormous pressure on the development and production of coal in China. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the power plant must be improved. Reduce coal consumption, reduce the impact on the environment and make greater efforts to increase research investment and the construction of pilot plants. 

2.2.3 About Nuclear Power

For nuclear power, we must attach great importance to the construction of power in the first 10 or 20 years of the 21st century, expand the scale of construction, and increase the proportion of installed capacity. So far, as a mature technology that can be built on a large scale to replace some coal-fired power plants and reduce atmospheric pollution can only be nuclear power plants, it is necessary to speed up development. The key now is to speed up the localization of nuclear power equipment, otherwise its excessively high cost will seriously affect the development of nuclear power in China; secondly, it must seize the commanding heights of nuclear power technology development, and actively implement the combination of production, learning, and research, and combine high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. The technology will be converted into productivity, and an industrial demonstration reactor will be built before 2005. It will strive to invest in small quantities before 2010, and it will invest in large quantities in 2020. For the current nuclear power project, in addition to the construction of Lingao Phase I, Jiangsu Lianyungang Port and Qinshan Phase II and Phase III, Shandong Haiyang, Guangdong Yangjiang, Zhejiang Sanmen, etc. must all actively work to speed up the construction. Speed ​​and strive to invest more in nuclear power to ease the pressure on coal-fired power plants. The preliminary planning goal is to have 20 GW by 2010 and 40-50 GW of nuclear power by 2020. This is very important for ensuring the realization of power construction planning tasks and for alleviating the large number of new problems caused by coal burning.

2.2.4 About optimizing the energy structure

China's conventional energy structure is dominated by coal. In the composition of electricity and energy consumption, coal power accounts for more than 80% of the total. This places great pressure on the environment and requires efforts to change the power supply structure and adjust and optimize the energy structure. In addition to speeding up the construction of nuclear power as mentioned above, we must use as much as possible natural gas and other high-quality energy to generate electricity. Natural gas is a high-quality energy source in conventional fuels. From the perspective of energy consumption worldwide, the proportion of natural gas has increased year by year, from an average annual growth rate of 3.3% from 1986 to 1991, and from 1991 to 1996, the growth rate is 43. % By 1996, natural gas consumption had accounted for more than 23% of total energy, and coal consumption was similar (about 27%). There are also more and more natural gas-fired power stations. In the United States, 80% of the newly installed capacity in recent years is gas. Proven natural gas reserves in the world have also been increasing. By 1997, it had reached 145×104 million m3, and the ratio of storage and production had reached 64, which exceeded the storage-production ratio of oil by 40.9. Therefore, the energy generation structure should be optimized as much as possible, that is, more natural gas (including LNG) should be used for power generation. In particular, in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places along the coast of China, it is necessary to arrange several LNG-burning power plants as soon as possible. Starting, expanding the scale of construction, in the oil and gas production areas, such as in Beijing and other natural gas pipeline areas can be properly developed a number of high-efficiency gas combined cycle power plants, both to adapt to the peak power grid needs, but also greatly improve the energy efficiency of power generation. And can reduce construction costs.

2.2.5 Strengthen the Development of New Energy Generation

To strengthen the development of new energy power generation and accelerate the pace of new energy generation, this is a common development trend in all countries. China's new energy resources are abundant. The average national solar energy is 5.9 × 106kJ/(m2·year). The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most abundant solar energy region in China. According to speculation by experts, solar energy will become the main human energy source in the next century. The direction of solar power generation is positive. The sales of solar panels will increase rapidly, especially when its energy conversion rate is increased from the current 12% to 13% to 17%. % ~ 20% (currently Australia and the United States have separately explored the successful conversion rate), and the production cost of solar cells has been greatly reduced. At present, Australia has reduced its production cost by half and is expected to reduce by 80%, making solar cells possible. The demand will increase greatly. Since 1990, the global market for solar power generation devices has increased by 16% annually and is expected to increase at a faster rate in the future. By 1995, China's solar photovoltaic cells had only 6MW, and Tibet had 10kW and 20kW photovoltaic power plants. Overall, it was just starting. By the year 2000, in the 21st century, more attention should be paid, especially in remote energy shortages. Electricity distribution areas should be given priority consideration.

The total amount of wind energy theory that can be developed in China is about 3,200GW, of which about 253GW can be used. In new energy power generation, wind power generation is relatively mature in technology and has the conditions for large-scale development. In recent years, the wind power in various countries in the world has developed rapidly. By the end of 1997, the installed capacity of wind power reached 7.669 GW. In 1996 and 1997, the installed capacity of wind turbines increased by 26% for two consecutive years. It is expected that 2GW will be added in 1998, and its growth rate is very fast. It is estimated that more than 48GW of new wind power will be added in 2007 worldwide. The development of wind power in China has also been rapid in recent years. In 1998, the installed capacity reached 223.6 MW. In 1998, it increased by 56.9 MW, which is an increase of 25%. If this growth continues at this rate, the original plan to reach 5GW by 2010 is expected to be achieved. At present, the key new issues are: first, the state gives policy support; second, it is necessary to accelerate the localization of wind power generation equipment to make it a new industry; at the same time, it must strengthen the combination of production, learning, and research, and develop and produce stand-alone 300 kW and 600 kW. The large-scale wind turbines, as well as the application of modern aerodynamics and microelectronics technology, in order to improve the efficiency of wind turbines and expand the wind speed operation area, increase the use of wind energy.

In addition, China still has geothermal energy, tidal energy, and biomass energy. In China, there are about 700 million tons of straw biogas power generation and a large amount of garbage power generation in cities. This can not only make full use of energy, but also reduce environmental pollution. The future development of electricity needs to be taken seriously.

The last is to save energy and strive to increase energy efficiency, and this is first and foremost to strive to increase the supply of electricity in terminal energy. At present, China's terminal energy consumption, electricity is less than 11%, lower than the world average of 16%, and there is a big gap between the developed countries and 20%. The second is to vigorously strengthen the DSM (Power Demand Side Management), and the power sector must invest in energy-saving projects to make it a more economical and cleaner alternative to new power plants. The third is to support the development of cogeneration; new technologies for gas, heat, electricity, and cooling cogeneration; and to promote the use of new technologies such as supercritical units and combined cycle units. The fourth and most important one is a large number of small condensing units and extended service units with low efficiency, high consumption, and high pollution that are decommissioned. The medium- and high-pressure units are rebuilt to increase the thermal efficiency of the thermal power unit from about 29% to about 35%. .

2.2.6 Considerations about Global Economic Integration of Electricity

To meet the global economic integration, for power, the first is the diversification and internationalization of power generation. For example, for the power generation energy of port power plants in China's coastal areas, including coal, oil, gas, etc., in addition to considering foreign countries, it may consider purchasing from the world market, so that the diversity of energy options. The second is to meet domestic economic and domestic electricity needs. We can consider building power plants for ourselves or importing them from abroad. This depends on the analysis of economic benefits and the size of environmental capacity. The electricity market not only focuses on domestic markets, but also focuses on foreign countries, especially multinational markets. Benefits; Correspondingly, it is necessary to develop transnational networking, which is a product of the global economic trend. The third is the internationalization of funds and human resources. We will continue to intensify the introduction of foreign investment and foreign investment in electric power, implement advances and exits, and make great achievements; we will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation so that China's electric power continues to develop and improve in the continuous integration into the global electricity market. The fourth is to ensure the power supply is safe. In the aspects of grid layout, grid structure, power supply and technology, ensuring the safe supply of electricity has the ability to withstand a variety of risks.

3 Conclusion

Reviewing the 110 years of history of China's electric power development, the development of electric power in the past 60 years has stagnated and is unusually slow. In the 50 years since the founding of New China, the development of electric power has increased by leaps and bounds. It has been developing at an annual rate of over 10% for an average of 50 consecutive years. This is unprecedented. , which attracts worldwide attention. Now, at the turn of the century, China’s electricity is booming and growing. The scale and speed of China's power construction are unmatched by any country in the world. This is determined by China’s basic national conditions with a large population, a vast territory and a low level of electricity per capita. The task of power construction is very arduous and spectacular. To accomplish this great and arduous task, we must rely on reform, rely on science and technology, rely on talents, reform the power system, establish a competitive and orderly power market, integrate our country's power into global power, and gradually integrate it with the international community; "Big banner, pay close attention to the grid power grid interconnection technology, clean coal combustion and power environmental protection technology and power market support technology; to cultivate and rely on talent, to implement the combination of production, learning, research, and enhance scientific and technological innovation capabilities; to rely on engineering 、制造、经济、社会各类专家，为在21世纪初叶把我国电网建成具有高科技创新能力、高的市场竞争力，以及高的承受和抵御风险能力的世界一流电网而奋斗，为中国经济的繁荣、社会的进步做出应有的贡献。